jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
4.3 Demonstratives 241
4.3.2 Spatial demonstrative adverbs
Spatial demonstrative adverbs begin with Locative d- or Approximative s-.
(217) Spatial Demonstrative Adverbs
simple anaphoric
a. Locative ('here', etc.)
Prox d-i-ha, d-l-ha d-i-ha-dasr
Near-Dist da-di da-di-dasr
Dist d-i-hen, d-en d-i-hen-daev
Recent Anaphoric — da-nnln-dser
b. Approximative ('around here', 'hereabouts', 'this way')
Prox s-i-hd s-i-hd-daer
Near-Dist s-i-dl s-i-di-daer
Dist s-i-hen s-i-hen-daev
The accent on d-i-ha 'here' is contextually variable. In isolation it is given
as d-i-hd, but in adverbial function in clause-final position I usually hear
d-l-ha. The suffixed form is always d-i-ha-daer.
The Anaphoric forms with -daer can be glossed 'right here, in this same
place', 'right there, in that same place'.
The Approximatives can denote approximate (static) location, as in 'it is
standing (somewhere) around here', or pergressive motion ('through'), as in 'it
came this way (=along here)'.
d-i-hd is also common at the beginning of certain types of adverbial
relative clause (§13.1.1.1). The sequence d-i-hd-\d... with preposition d
cliticized to d-i-hd forms clauses translatable as '(there) where...'. The -\d is
omitted when an object clitic is present, as in d-i-ha-\tt 0-aeba 'there where he
died'.
For 'on the near/far side of X', see under existential quasi-verb -alla-
(§9.3).
4.3.3 Demonstrative postnominal particles (1, dt, annin, en)
Instead of a full demonstrative, nouns can be followed by any of three
demonstrative particles. The particle is invariant for gender and number (which
are expressed on the noun). The particle is accented, but has no effect on the
accentuation of the noun, so the combination does not constitute an accentual
phrase. The result is that the noun may have default antepenultimate accent, as
in a-bsmbaera 1 'this Bambara man'. If this were a singular accentual phrase it
would have appeared as #a-basmbaera 1 (with secondary accent on the second
