A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

452 8 Verbal derivation

(458) Causatives of -uC(C)uC- Stems

underived stem gloss Causative

Imprt PerfP PerfP Imprt

a. ükaf -akuf- 'be inflated' -aes-kaef- s-akaf

ümad -amud- 'pray' -ees-maed- s-amad

b. urnam -amum- 'be sucked' -aess-omaem- s-ümam

üdab -adub- 'drip' -sess-odaeb- s-üdab

irad -arid- 'bathe' -aess-oraed- s-lrad

[A-grm and K-d: PerfP -aess-eraed-]

Iwad I -awid-• 'increase' -aess-ewaed-I s-lwad

c. ükmas -akmus- 'be scratched' -ass-ukmaes- s-ükmas

üsraj -asruj- 'sneeze' -ass-usrasj- s-üsraj

üksad -aksud--aksud-I I 'be afraid' -ass-uksaed- s-üksad

[Imprt variant s-lksad]

d. Irhan -arhin- 'be sick' -ass-arhaen- s-arhan

"istak -astik- 'be empty' -ass-astaek- s-astak

e. Ifad -affud- 'be thirsty' -aes-faed- s-afad

Ikas -akkus- 'be hot' -aes-kaes- s-akas

llaz I -alluz- 'be hungry' -aes-laez s-alaz I

[A-grm: underived PerfP üfad, ükas, üllaz]

Irar -aeqqor- 'be dry' -aes-raer- s-arar

Izad -aezzed- 'be sweet' -aez-zaed- z-azad

Izay -aezzay- 'be heavy' -aez-zaey- z-azay

Tjat -ajjat- 'be many' -aes-jaet- s-ajat

Itaw -attawa- 'forget' -aes-taew- s-ataw

In (458.e-g), the entire causative agrees with the underived Imprt
(=ShImpf) rather than with the underived PerfP in showing an ungeminated
C. Let us assume then (momentarily) that the causatives are directly based on
the (short) imperfective stem of the underived verb. This accounts for the fact
that the verbs in (458.e-g) have the same causative stem shapes as those in
(458.a). Indeed, these shapes, such as PerfP -aes-CaeC-, are identical to those of
causatives of -vCvC- stems, e.g. -aes-jaen- 'make kneel' (454).
However, there is an important difficulty in deriving the causatives in
(458) from the corresponding underived imperfectives. The latter are based on
a shape -i/uC(C)aC- with two full V's (i or u in the first syllable, α in the
second). All of the causatives have short V's in the final syllable. Since most