A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

8.1 Causative 459

LoImpfP -s-indu- is best derived by applying LoImpfP ablaut formatives
χ-pcl and χ-pcl at a late stage (468).

(468) Derivation of LoImpfP -s-lndu-

In this derivation, the ablaut components are integrated in two stages,
separated by u-Spreading and Medial V-Shortening, both of which are
"phonological" rules internal to the ablaut derivation system (§3.4.9.3). The
special treatment of χ-pcl and χ-pci is reasonable, since these features are
confined to the LoImpfP, whereas χ-f occurs in all three long imperfective
stems, cf. LoImpfN -s-andu-.

8.1.7 Causative stem shapes (heavy C-final input stems)

If the input stem is of a heavy shape like -CVC(C)VC- with three or more C
positions, the perfectives of the causative are based on a strict surface
melody. This surface melody can be accounted for by assuming , Stem-
Initial Syncope, and Leftward L-Spreading. Some examples are in (469).

(469) Causatives of Heavy Verbs (Perfective)

-s-undu-, <H>, χ-f, χ-pcl, χ-pci stem and ablaut components

integration of <H> and χ-f

u-Spreading

/-s-undi-/, χ-pcl, χ-pci

/-s-undu-/, χ-pcl, χ-pci

/-s-andu-/, χ-pcl, χ-pci

-s-indu-

Medial V-Shortening

integration of χ-pcl, χ-pci

input PerfP input gloss Causative PerfP

a. -aebewaes-

-aedobasn-

'be wounded'

'marry'

-aes-bawass-

-aes-dabaen-

b. -aekrakasr-

-aemlaewlaew-

' rotate'

'shine'

-aes-kaerakaer-

-aes-maelaewlasw-

c. -abbarjaejjaey- '(hair) stand' -aes-baerjaejjaey-

-akkaykaey- 'dust off -aes-kaeykaey-

-ahhajaey- 'be harvested' -aes-haejasy-

d. -ahhussael-

-addurhaen-

-sbbuddael-

'be necessary'

'wish'

'be lazy; crazy' -aes-baeddael-

-aes-haessael-

-ses-dasrhasn-