A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

558 8 Verbal derivation

(586) Instrumental Nominale with <L H> Melody

form gloss related verb and gloss

Ma as-s-aCaC, Fe t-as-s-äCaC-t (from -uCvC-)

ae-s-adad

ae-s-djad

as-s-aksl

a2-s-dlay

ae-s-anas

as-s-asar

t-ae-s-asas-t

t-ee-s-awaq-q

prop

'strap'

'leg, paw'

'hook'

'hobble rope'

'joining cord'

'tying strap'

'obstruction' (K-d)

-udvd- 'press against'

-ujvd- 'tap (donkey)'

-ukvl- 'tread'

-ulvy- 'hang'

-unvs- 'hobble (animal)'

-USVY- 'join'

-usvs- 'squeeze'

-uwvr- 'keep back'

b. Ma ae-s-aCaC, Fe t-as-s-aCaC-t (from -vPPvC-)

as-s-adar

ae-s-ddaf

ae-s-dkas

t-ae-s-ati-t-t

'staple food'

'knife handle'

'substitute'

'tent matting'

[with /ay/ —»i]

-vddvr- 'live'

-vttvf- 'hold' (Vdf)

-vkkvs- 'remove'

-vttvy- 'surround'

c. Ma ae-s-dPQaC

ae-s-altaf 'shovel' [none]

d. Ma ...aCCu

as-s-sejjarhu 'future status'

[cf. Caus -s-vjrvh- 'look']

a-s-seggammu 'covering (coat)'

a-s-aekkaedammu 'tweezers'

-vjrvh- 'understand'

-gummu- (+ -t) 'cover self

-kvdvmmu- (+ -t) 'pinch'

e. Ma e-s-eCaC (from augmented -CvCi>)

e-s-ekar 'sourness' -kvru- (-t) 'be sour'

The cases in (586) all have a full a, or in (586.e) e, in the penult and end
either in aC or in stem-final u. These -uCvC- stems are treated as -iCvC- in
causatives. In (586.a), the full α corresponds to a lexical full V. In (586.b), the
input stem is -vPPvC-, but this is replaced by an alternative stem-shape
-uPvC- in causatives and agentives. Therefore the instrumental shape
as-s-dCaC is appropriate for (586.a-b), as the L part of the melody
converts both Iii and /u/ to a.
For e-s-eCaC, see the common nominal pattern e-CeCaC (595.c) in
§8.12.2, below.
The stems of the nominals in (587) have melody.