jeff_l
(Jeff_L)
#1
592 9 Verb phrases and other predications
(645) a. waer kaela allael-aer
Neg Past dance.Reslt-lSgS
Ί heve never danced.' [K-d]
b. waer kaeld i-ksa
Neg Past 3MaSgS-eat.Reslt
'He has never eaten.' [K-d]
c. waer kaeld aksae-naet
Neg Past eat.Reslt-3FePlS
'They-Fe have never eaten.' [K-d]
d. waer kaela i-la t-aess
= kaeld war i-ΐα t-aess
3MaSgS-have.PerfN Fe-cow
'He didn't (use to) have a cow.' [K-d]
In the frequent combination Neg + Fut, the clause-initial Fut morpheme
ad (ar, before clitic a-) is replaced by the dialect's noninitial Future
morpheme (§9.6.3, above), such as mar (T-ka), mad (some Gao-area
varieties), and e (e.g. K-area). The remainder of the future construction
(notably the use of a Shlmpf verb) is not altered.
The variant e follows clitics attached to the Neg particle. It shows no
further phonological variation, though it can be hard to hear in combinations
like (646.b) with vowels on both sides.
(646) Future Negative (R, Ts)
a. waer e snhsy-aev
Neg Fut see.Shlmpf-lSgS
Ί will not see.'
b. wasrAhi e i-nhay
Neg-USgO Fut 3MaSgS-see.ShImpf
'He will not see me.'
c. waer-\t e t-aeqv
Neg-\3MaSgO Fut 3FeSgS-kill.ShImpf
'She will not kill him.'
The T-ka variant mar, on the other hand, fuses with the Neg particle to
form ü-mar (presumably a chewed-up reflex of *waer mar, but synchronically
difficult to segment).
