Chapter 13
Clausal subordination
13.1 Adverbial clauses
13.1.1 Temporal adverbial clauses
13.1.1.1 Finite 'when ...' clauses (a-\s, d-i-ha-\d, ajiid, ed)
The simplest 'when adverbial clauses are formed by the unmarked
demonstrative ά followed by the cliticized Instrumental preposition -\s (786).
We have seen that cliticized -\s is characteristic of dative, possessive, and
some adverbial relatives (§12.1.4-5).
(786) a. a-\s 0-£emmu-t, n-sgla
Dem-Mnstr 3MaSgS-die.PerfP-Aug, lSgS-go.away.PerfP
'When he died, we went away.' [T-md]
b. a-\s-\add 0-osa
Dem-\Instr-\Centrip 3MaS gS -come. PerfP
0-aerhin
3MaSgS-be.sick.Reslt
'When he came here, he was sick.' [K-d]c. ajen waedden kaemm
yes/no? it.is.not 2FeSg
0-s-afal-aed i-laemaw-een-nzem
2S-Caus-tan.LoImpfP-2SgS Pl-skin-MaPl-2FeSgPoss
[aAs-ksem oyye-r]
[Dem-\Instr-\2FeSgO leave.PerfP- lSgS]
'Is it not (the case) that you-FeSg were tanning your hides
when I left you?' [K]d. [α-s olaeh-aen
[Dem-Mnstr be.equal.PerfP-3MaPlS
t-i-lsqqew-en d "a-maenokal-aen],
Fe-Sg-pauper-FePl with Pl-chief-MaPl
endek a-w-a?
where? Dem-Sg-Dem.Sg?
'When (=given that) poor people and rich people ("chiefs") are
in the same situation, what then? [K]