A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

13.1 Adverbial clauses 669

e. i-twarAt [e Va-jras-t

3MaSgS-store.Reslt-\3MaSgO [Dat Fe-Sg-winter-Fe]

[har arsw-naet ulli]

[until give.birth.ShImpf-3FePlS goats]

'He has stored it (fonio grain) for the winter, until (=for the

time when) the nanny-goats will give birth.' [K]

For dialects with ar, this 'until, all the way to' conjunction is

homophonous with the 'except' particle (§11.3.1). However, T-ka

distinguishes har 'until, all the way to' from or 'except'.

13.1.1.6 'after..." (scemd-)

A form sasma- is attested in adverbials, including one where it appears to be a

preposition with dative pronominal (saemaAs 'afterwards'). It also occurs with

cliticized Comitative -\d as a clause-initial '(just) after ...' conjunction.

(801) saemaAd n-ass-imda a-kaetab

afterAComit lPlS-Caus-finish.Reslt Sg-write.VblN

aAd n-aktasAd hasraet ly-aen

DemAComit lPlS-remember.PerfPACentrip thing one-MaSg

waer n-akteb

Neg lPlS-write.PerfN

'Just after we finished writing, that's when we remembered something

that we had not written.';

saemd is not common in my data. LTF2 375 has "zäma" and gives an

immediate Hausa source, but recognizes a possible ultimate source in

(Maghrebi) Arabic za?ma.

13.1.1.7 'happen later ...' (i-lkdm ...)

From -vlkvm- 'come after' we get a construction with fixed 3MaSg subject
Resit i-lkdm followed by a clause. It is common in Κ dialect texts, and
suggests that the eventuality in question will inevitably happen at a later time.
Contextually it can be glossed 'eventually', 'inevitably', or just 'later on'.

(802) i-s-αη yd, i-lkam

Pl-meat-MaPl Emph, 3MaSgS-come.after.Reslt

[aAfaella-m 0-iba t-e-naesse]

[DemAon-2FeSg 3MaSgS-be.lost.ShImpfFe-Sg-lie.down.VblN

'Flesh (=getting fat). The time will come when lying down (=sleeping

in the daytime) will no longer be possible for you-FeSg.' [K]