A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

13.3 Jussive and "subjunctive" clauses 675

c. anne-vAa-s [a-\d i-baddaed]

say.PerfP-lSgS-\Dat-3Sg [DemAComit 3MaSgS-go.LoImpfP]

Ί told him to get up (regularly).'

d. jdnne-γ

say .LoImpfP- 1 SgS

[a-\d t-aekk am-an]

[DemAComit 3FeSgS-go.to.ShImpf water-MaPl]

Ί keep telling her to go to the water.' [K]

Occasionally the a-\d is omitted (816).

(816) l-nna-\0-naer n-anzar

3MaSgS-say.PerfPADat-lPl lPlS-sing.Shlmpf

'He told us to sing.'

When the jussive clause is negated, it switches to hortative form, with no

complementizer. The clause begins with Neg waer followed by a verb in the

Prohibitive stem with suffix -et. This was checked for T-ka and R (817.a-b). I

did, however, record one instance of a regular (unsubordinated) future negative

complement in my brief study of Im dialect (817.c).

(817) a. anne-rAa-s [war

say.PerfP-lSgSADat-3Sg [Neg

Ί told him not to sing.' [R]

b. anne-rAa-s [war

say.PerfP-lSgSADat-3Sg [Neg

Ί told him not to go.' [T-ka]

c. ne-rAa-s

say.PerfP- lSgSADat-3Sg

[warAdad he

[NegACentrip Fut

Ί told him not to come.' [Im]

i-nsezzzer-et]

3MaSgS-sing.Prohib-Hort]

i-jaell-et]

3MaSgS-go.Prohib-Hort]

0-as]

3MaSgS-come.ShImpf]

For the K-d speaker, negative jussives use direct quotation. Therefore the
negative jussive clause is identical in form to a (second-person subject)
negative imperative. My K-d examples show the negative imperative type that
uses a PerfN verb (818).

(818) anne-rAa-s [war t-attes-asdl
say.PerfP-lSgSADat-3Sg [Neg 2S-sleep(Vds).PerfN-2SgS]
Ί told him not to go to sleep.' [K-d]
[lit. "I told him, don't you-Sg sleep!"]