76 3 Phonology
(52) Contexts for Syncope of Stem-Initial -CvC..., all heavy stems
a. -vs-aCV... -> -vs-CV...
causative verb (perfective system only)
examples: -aes-dakae-t 'calm (sb) down' (PerfP)
[cf. Imprt s-adduka-t, VblN a-s-adduku]
-aes-jaen- 'make knee'
[cf. Imprt s-ajan, VblN a-s-ajan]b. (t-)i-CaCV... (t-)i-CCV...
ablaut PI noun (see §4.1.2.22)
examples: ί-srak (Sg a-sarik 'evil spell')
1-kyan (Sg a-kaeyon 'tortoise')
t-l-bka (Sg t-a-baska-t-t 'jujube tree')c. a-s-aCaC —> ά-s-CaC
Instrumental nominal with -s- of -vCvC- verb
example: ά-s-fal 'roof material' (verb -vfvl- 'roof)
[Syncope does not apply in T-ka to causative VblN a-s-aCaC](53) Contexts for Syncope of Stem-Initial -CvC..., superheavy stems only
a. -vCaCV... -> -vCCV...
type: verb stem with initial ν due to Stem-Initial V-Insertion
example: Shlmpf -axbubu- '(hole) gape' (51, above)b. -vm-sCV... -vm-CV...
type: reciprocal verb after Stem-Initial V-Insertion
example: -aem-baebba- 'carry each other (on back)'
[from /-an-sbabba-/, compare Imprt n-ababb]c. a-CaCV...
type: VblN of underived or prefixally derived verb (except Caus)
examples: α-m-babb 'carrying each other'
[< /a-n-ababbi/]
ά-xbubu '(hope) gaping'd. (t-)a-CaCV... (t-)a-CCV...
type: Sg noun
example: t-a-blülaeq-q 'ball, lump'e. (t-)i-CaCV... —> (t-)i-CCV [rare, only one example]
type: suffixal PI of bisyllabic Sg noun
example: variant PI t-Vbkun-en (Sg t-a-bakun-t)