countries have had an impact it is through the same books, journals and
conferences as the English-speaking researchers use and attend.
For a survey like the present one, there are various ways to sample in-
formants. Ideally, the total population is defined as precisely as possible. Then,
a sample could be drawn using parameters such as nationality, training,
current research interests, knowledge of thefield and so on. However, there
is no exhaustive list of applied linguists around the world, nor an exhaustive
list of research topics, and that makes the sampling problematic. I could also
have asked all the affiliates of the Association Internationale de Linguistique
Appliquée (AILA) to distribute my questionnaire among its members, but
that might have led to an unmanageable number of responses. Also, the
response might have been very low. By using my contacts in the AL world I
Table 2.2List of informants invited tofill out the questionnaire
Charles Alderson Joseph Lo Bianco
Neil Anderson Michael Long
Paul Angelis Anna Mauranen
Kathi Bailey Mary McGroarty
Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig Paul Meara
Margie Berns Rosamond Mitchell
Anne Burns Carmen Muñoz
Martin Bygate Paul Nation
Jasone Cenoz Howard Nicholas
Carol Chapelle John Norris
Harald Clahsen Rebecca Oxford
Guy Cook Aneta Pavlenko
David Crystal Alastair Pennycook
Alister Cumming Manfred Pienemann
Jim Cummins María del Pilar García Mayo
Alan Davies Ben Rampton
Annick De Houwer Tom Ricento
Jean-Marc Dewaele Peter Robinson
Zoltán Dörnyei Bernd Rüschoff
Patsy Duff Dick Schmidt
Hannele Dufva Bonnie Schwartz
Nick Ellis Michael Sharwood Smith
Donald Freeman Roger Shuy
Durk Gorter Tove Skutnabb-Kangas
Kevin Gregg Antonella Sorace
Marianne Gullberg Nina Spada
Roger Hawkins Bernard Spolsky
Jan Hulstijn Bill VanPatten
Kenneth Hyltenstam Johannes Wagner
Keith Johnson Wang Chuming
Wolfgang Klein Albert Weideman
Karlfried Knapp Lydia White
Elizabeth Lanza Ruiying Yang
Patsy Lightbown Richard Young
The informants 11