346 INDEX
Einstein, Albert 150 , 170, 171, 329–30
cosmological constant 176, 177,
300, 303
general theory of relativity 14, 68, 73,
106, 107, 144, 148–53, 154, 167, 168,
169, 181, 182, 220, 259, 268, 303, 328
Einstein Observatory 214, 216
electromagnetic radiation 190–91, 239
electromagnetic spectrum 204, 205
electromagnetism 111, 148
electron degeneracy pressure 178
electrons 282
elements 144, 145, 162, 163, 166, 198–9
eLISA 328, 331
elliptical galaxies 105, 161, 241
elliptical orbits 39, 50–55, 68–9, 75, 76, 92
Encke, Johann 74
epicycles 35, 39
equinoxes 25
precession of the 22
equivalence principle 151
Eratosthenes 18, 334
Eris 184, 286, 287, 313, 314, 315, 317
ESA 177, 195, 217, 227, 285, 308 –11
escape velocity 73, 181
Eudoxus 20
Euler, Leonhard 78
Europa 62, 71, 234, 264
European Extremely Large Telescope
(E-ELT) 290, 293, 296, 304, 326–7
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
258, 259, 326–7
event horizon 153, 154, 155 , 255
Ewen, Harold 210
ExoMars rover 320, 325
exoplanets 230, 259, 288–95, 305, 327
extraterrestrial intelligence 12, 204,
210 –11, 228–35, 238, 267, 294,
295, 325
extraterrestrial rovers 320–25
F
Fabri de Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude 61
Fabricius, David 48–9, 86, 132
Fakhri sextant 31
false vacuum 273
FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture
Spherical Telescope) 234
Fath, Edward 185
Fermi, Enrico 231
Fermi Space Telescope 140
Fernández, Julio 184
Fernie, J. Donald 76
Fisher, Richard 240
Fizeau, Hippolyte 103
Flamsteed, John 13, 69, 84, 88
Flandro, Gary 262, 265
Fleming, Williamina 113, 120, 124, 125,
126, 128, 133, 141
focal length 61
Foote, Albert E. 212
Ford, Kent 270
Foucault, Léon 26, 39, 103
Fowler, Ralph 141
Frankland, Edward 116
Fraunhofer, Joseph von 78, 112, 113
Fraunhofer lines 112, 162
free orbits 39
Friedman, Herbert 215, 216
Friedmann, Alexander 168, 169–70G
Gagarin, Yuri 204, 208, 244
galactic “walls” 274, 275, 282, 296
galaxies
colliding 161, 217, 221, 271
distance of 137, 164, 240–41, 274
evolution of 240– 41, 283, 285
mapping 27
nebulae as 89, 115, 136, 145, 158–61, 170
rotation of 15, 269–71
see also by name
galaxy clusters 214, 274 –5, 282, 296, 301
Galilean moons 60–63, 265
Galilei, Galileo 12, 27, 34, 39, 49, 56–63,
58, 65, 107, 129
telescope 42, 44, 55, 326
Galle, Johann 106–7
Gamow, George 171, 182, 196–7, 198,
224, 272
Ganymede 62, 63, 71, 265
gas dwarfs 294
gas laws 167
Gassendi, Pierre 64
Gaultier de la Vatelle, Joseph 61
Gauss, Carl Friedrich 83, 98
Geller, Margaret 274 –5
geocentric model 18, 20 , 24, 26, 34–6, 62
geodesic 152–3
geometry 18
Gerard of Cremona 19
Ghez, Andrea 154, 218, 297
Giacconi, Riccardo 214 –17
Giant Magellan Telescope 326giant molecular clouds (GMCs)
276–9
giant stars 138, 139, 241, 279, 302
Gilbert, Grove 212
Gilbert, William 129
Gill, Sir David 79, 118 –19, 120
Giotto spacecraft 207, 308
Glenn, John 245
globular clusters 136, 137, 164–5
Goethe, Johann von 34
Gold, Thomas 238–9, 300
Goldilocks zone 294–5
Gomes, Rodney 312–13
Goodricke, John 48, 86 , 132
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp 83
Grand Unified Theory (GUT) 272, 273
gravitational lensing 14, 153
gravitational theory 14, 43, 55, 66–73,
75, 92–3, 106, 118, 148, 151, 152,
268, 269, 328
gravitational waves 12, 14, 73, 148, 259,
268, 272, 297, 326, 328–31
Great Comet 45, 46, 69–70, 119
“Great Debate” 144, 161, 174–5
Greeks, ancient 18–19, 20–22, 24–5
Greenstein, Jesse 220
Gregorian calendar 28, 29
Grisson, Virgil “Gus” 247
Grosseteste, Robert 335
Grunsfeld, John 324
Guo Shoujing 19, 28–9
Gush, Herb 226–7
Guth, Alan 258, 272–3, 274, 282H
Hadley, John 43
Hagecius, Thaddaeus 46
Hale, George Ellery 103, 129
Hale Telescope 129, 218, 220
Hall, Asaph 62
Halley, Edmond 22, 43, 47, 52, 64, 69–70,
74 –7, 87, 206, 207
Halley’s comet 43, 70, 74 –7, 207, 308
Harding, Karl 99
Harriot, Thomas 61
Harrison, John 62
Hartmann, William 186
Harvard College Observatory 100, 111,
120–21, 124, 125, 128, 132–3, 162
Harvard Spectral Classification System
113, 120, 125–6
Haumea 184, 287