light pollution 235, 252–253
Likens, Gene 229, 248, 249, 249
Lindeman, Raymond 112, 113, 130, 138–139
Linnaeus, Carl 20, 42, 80–81, 82, 83, 86–87, 87 , 91,
120, 132, 133, 162, 168
lions 49, 109
Lithops (“flowering stones”) 168
lithosphere 197, 204, 212
lizards 112
Locke, Harvey 339
locusts 75
Loreau, Michel 131, 156–157
Lorenz, Edward 184
Lorenz, Konrad 101, 116, 117, 117 , 120, 123
Lotka, Alfred J. 42, 46, 47, 52, 224–225
Lotka–Volterra equations 42, 46–49, 52, 225
Lovelock, James 197, 204, 210, 214, 215, 215 , 216,
322
Lowe, Ian 338
Lubchenco, Jane 322, 323, 323
Lyell, Charles 18, 23, 26, 196
lynx 48, 77, 110, 110 , 188M
MacArthur, Robert 43, 52, 53, 66, 131, 146–147,
147 , 150, 312
macaws 111
McCallum, Malcolm 280
McClintock, Barbara 335
McKendrick, Anderson Gray 68, 164
McKibben, Bill 264
MacMahon, James 161, 177
macroecology 185
Malle, Adolphe Dureau de la 170, 171
Malthus, Thomas 18, 27, 46, 47, 164, 165, 165 ,
184, 250
mangroves 146 , 147, 239, 259
Marae Moana 239
marginal value theorem (MVT) 66, 67
Margulis, Lynn 204, 210, 215, 322, 337
marine conservation 182–183, 239, 267
marmots 278
Marsh, George Perkins 134, 135, 294, 299, 299
marsupials 209, 213
mathematical modeling 54, 70, 74, 146–147,
155, 184
matriarchal societies 125
Matthews, Blake 188
Mauna Loa 241, 241
Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de 20
Maurer, Brian 185, 338
May, Robert 68, 70–71, 108, 150, 184
mayflies 85
Mayr, Ernst 81, 88
meadowlarks 89
meat-eating 109, 123–124, 133
megacities 282
megatsunami 221Mendel, Gregor 19, 26, 29, 32–33, 33 , 296
Mendes, Chico 256, 257, 257 , 258
metacommunities 190–193, 192
metamorphosis 77, 276, 279
metapopulations 161, 186–187, 190
methane 331
Mexico City 283
miasma 69
mice 70, 71
microbes 90, 91, 102–103
microbial resistance 103
microhabitats 147
microplastics 284
microscopy 80, 84–85, 100, 102
Miescher, Friedrich 26, 32
migration
birds 180, 180 , 199, 278
butterflies 181–182
Miller, Brian 62, 65
Miller, G. Tyler 137
Miller, Hugh 221
Miner, Jack 335
“missing link” 121
Möbius, Karl August 334
moles 21
Molina, Mario 229, 260, 261
monarch butterflies 181–182, 182
monoculture plantations 256
monsoons 291, 318
Montreal Protocol 260, 261, 319
Moore, Charles J. 284, 285
Morgernstern, Oskar 154
Morris, Desmond 116, 120, 122
Morrone, J.J. 200
mosquitoes 127, 247, 253
mosses 169 , 171
moths 31, 31 , 56, 57, 59, 101, 126, 253, 273
mountain goats 191
mudslides 258, 258
Muir, John 228, 236, 237, 237 , 298, 306
mules 89
Munroe, Eugene 146
musk oxen 72, 239
mussels 63, 67, 272
mutualism 42, 43, 56–59, 100, 104, 105, 157
service-resource relationships 58
service-service relationships 58, 59
mycelium 104
mycorrhizal fungi 104–105, 104, 105
Myers, Norman 81, 96–97, 97N
national parks 236, 237, 237 , 239, 298, 307
natural resources, depletion of 262–265
natural selection 18–19, 21, 22, 24–31, 38, 66, 72,
81, 154
Nelson, Gaylord 211, 295
nematodes 143nest predation hypothesis 114, 115
Nestler, Johann Karl 33
Neumann, John von 154
Newport, George 101, 126
nitrogen 74
noise pollution 235
noosphere 205
Nordhaus, William 324, 325, 325
nuclear power 217 , 235, 302, 308O
oak trees 171, 189, 277
obligate siblicide 115
oceans
acidification 207, 238, 281
garbage patches 183, 284–285
octopus 83
Odling-Smee, John 161, 188, 189
Odum, Howard and Eugene 134, 138, 197, 210,
210–211, 214
Odum, William E. 43
Ohta, Tomoko 337
oil extraction 262, 263–264, 263
oil spills 234–235
one-child policy (China) 251
open community theory 174 –175
optimal foraging theory (OFT) 43, 66–67
orangutans 123
orcas 234
orchids 59
Ortelius, Abraham 212
ospreys 247
overgrazing 93, 140, 239, 265
overharvesting 93, 94–95
overpopulation 229, 250–251
see also population dynamics
Owen, Richard 22
owls 111
oxpeckers 58, 110
oystercatchers 66, 67, 67
ozone depletion 260–261, 319
ozone emissions 93P
Paczoski, Jósef 335
Paine, Robert 43, 54, 62–63, 63 , 76, 130, 140,
141
Pangaea 212–213, 223
parasites 49, 68, 71, 112, 187
parasitoids 49, 49
Paris Agreement 318, 320–321, 321
Parmesan, Camille 277, 277 , 278348 INDEX
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