Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, 8th edition

Eighth edition published in 2012 by:

Bloomsbury Academic

An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

50 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3DP, UK

and

175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA

Copyright © James Watson and Anne Hill 2012

First edition published in Great Britain in 1984

Second edition 1989

Th ird edition 1993

Fourth edition 1997

Fifth edition 2000

Sixth edition 2003

Seventh edition published by Hodder Education in 2006.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization

acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this

publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author.

CIP records for this book are available from the British

Library and the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-1-84966-528-5 (paperback)

ISBN 978-1-84966-562-9 (ebook)

ISBN 978-1-84966-563-6 (ebook PDF)

Th is book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown

in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and

recyclable. Th e logging and manufacturing processes conform to

the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Printed and bound in Great Britain by the MPG Books Group, Bodmin, Cornwall.

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