Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands

interactions into dynamic, nonequilibrial account. A sophisticated example
of the prevailing demographic paradigm in Chinese borderland history is
Vermeer,“Population and Ecology.”
101 Wei Yuan,Shengwu ji, 1 : 107 ; Wei Yuan,“Beigan kao,” 6 : 3253 – 56. Wei’s
new layout also redraws Hanspace by moving imperial territory beyond its
conventional northern water boundary, usually identified as the Yalu River.
102 Li,“Changes in Climate, Land and Human Efforts,” 479.

Borderland Hanspace in the Nineteenth Century 265