Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain_ Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China\'s Borderlands

sun sara geo, 141
tribute relations and, 83 , 117
Hoton Nuur, 138
Hu Han胡翰( 1307 – 81 ), 33
Hu Huanyong, 10
Hu Line (HuHuanyong xian胡煥庸線),
10 – 12 , 147
Hu Qirong胡啟榮(fl. 1820 ), 250 – 51
Hu Wei胡渭( 1633 – 1714 ), 25 , 29 – 34
passim, 258
Hua y華夷, 37
Huangchao jinshi wenbian, 25
Huangshu(Wang Fuzhi), 23 , 33
Huaxia華夏, 24
Hubei, 7 , 39 , 245 , 258
Hubu(戶部Board of Review ), 79 , 231
Huguang, 29 , 188
Huise (fl. 1749 ), 188
hule(shi石), 131 , 133
hūlhamesun be jetere, 140
Hulun Buir, 47 , 64 , 96 , 142 , 230 , 112 , 271
Hunan, 36 , 39 , 182 , 226 , 244 , 251 , 258
hunting (Ma:buthai), 46 , 48 , 95
battue, 51 , 61 , 72
Huolun River霍伦河, 231
Hūrha (Hu-er-ha呼爾哈), 75 – 76 , 82 , 83 ,
108
Huzhou湖州, 182
identity
animal, 53
borderland, 2 , 63 – 65 , 237
contradictions, 23 , 36 , 151 , 159 , 170 ,
188 , 190 , 229 , 249 , 257 , 267
Cossackand variants, 86 – 87
cultural and ecological, 3
disease and, 172 – 76 , 178 , 206 – 09
passim
formation of, 2 – 3 , 7 – 8 , 13 , 55
Han漢, 8 , 10 , 22 – 26 passim, 31 – 40
passim, 44 , 170 , 176
(Han) contamination (Ma:icembi) and,
106 , 158 , 159 , 177 – 78 , 228 , 232
hybridization, 66
Inner Asian, 13 , 22 , 50 – 54 , 228 – 29 ,
268 – 69
liangmin良民, 22 , 40 , 42
Manchu(Ma: Manju), 3 , 15 , 49 , 62 ,
63 – 78 passim, 83 , 95 , 159 , 228
Manchu, borderland, 3 , 5 , 7 , 13 – 14 , 48 ,
54 , 63 – 66 passim, 57 , 100 , 105 , 110 ,
178 , 232 , 233 , 260 , 270 , 274

Manchu, New (Xin Manzhou新滿洲;Ma:

Ice Manju), 53 , 64 , 65 , 75 , 82 , 87 – 95 ,

106 , 109 passim, 215 , 232 , 233

Manchu, Old, (Jiu Manzhou舊滿洲;Ma:

Fe Manju), 109

Mongol, 46 , 116 , 123 , 134 , 135 , 144 ,

150 – 51 , 236

Mongol, banner, 3 , 5 , 14 , 48 , 113 , 123 ,

136 – 39 passim, 159 , 237 , 270 , 274

Pan-Qing, 22 – 23 , 51

Qing environmentality, 270

Shack people (pengmin棚民), 10 – 11 ,

181 – 86 passim, 237 , 242 – 49 passim,

257 , 262

southwestern indigenous, 170 , 174 , 178 ,

183 , 187 , 206 – 208 , 247 – 48

civilized tribal, 3 , 5 , 14 , 171 , 207

spaceand, 33 – 35 , 208 , 252 – 53

Ilan Hala (San-xing三姓), 64 , 81 , 88 , 177

Ilibu ( 1775 – 1843 ), 244 , 246 , 249

indigenism, imperial, 3 , 14 , 170 – 172 , 175 ,

178 , 179 , 183 , 187 , 190 , 191 , 204 ,

206 – 08 , 251 , 252

Inner Asia 1 , 2 , 21 – 24 passim, 38 , 54 , 261 ,

274

conquest dynasties, 23 , 25 , 27 , 31 – 32 , 36

and disease, 58 , 177 – 79 , 197

environmental relations issues, 16 , 17 ,

18 – 19 , 40 , 45 , 51 – 55 passim, 77 ,

120 , 222 – 24 , 233 , 239

interiorization (neidihua內地化), 146 , 225 ,

239

irgen, 114

Janhunen, Juha,xv

Januka (fl. 1676 ), 88

Jaocang (fl. 1755 ), 157

jasag(jasaγ)扎薩克, 3 , 39 , 50 , 118 , 120 – 21 ,

131 , 139

leagues (meng盟), 116 – 118 , 120 – 21

passim, 125 , 132 , 157 , 253

neizha-sa-ke內扎薩克(inner), 117 , 134 ,

136 – 37 passim, 155

wai zha-sa-ke外扎薩克(outer), 136 , 137 ,

159

ji紀, 28 – 29

jian kan tongli建堪同例, 53

jiangli疆理, 30

Jiangnan江南, 38 , 220 , 239 , 253 , 254 , 256

Jiangsu, 255

Index 327