Science 28Feb2020

Kimuraet al.,Science 367 , eaaw8429 (2020) 28 February 2020 6of12

Fig. 5. Dietary fiber supplemen-
tation of pregnant mothers
results in offspring resistance to
obesity.(A) Experimental scheme
(left). Body weight changes during
HFD trial (middle) (n= 8 to 13
animals from four litters per
group). Tissue weight (right) (n=8
to 13 tissues from four litters per
group). (B) Plasma glucose, TGs,
NEFAs, and total cholesterol levels
(n= 8 to 10 plasma samples from
four litters per group). (C) Body
temperature (left) (n= 7 or 8
animals from three litters per
group) and heart rate (right) (n=8
or 10 animals from three litters per
group). (D) Volcano plot showing
the significance and magnitude of
differences in the relative abun-
dances of plasma metabolites in
the mothers or embryos from LFi
and HFi mothers (n= 5 plasma
samples andn= 5 plasma samples
of embryos from five litters). 1,
galactose. (E) Plasma SCFAs
determined by GC-MS (n=8
plasma samples of mothers and
n= 8 plasma samples of embryos
from eight litters per group).
(F) Plasma insulin (left) and
plasma glucose (right) levels in the
mothers and embryos of E18.5 (n=
8 plasma samples of mothers and
n= 8 plasma samples of embryos
from eight litters per group). Male
mice were analyzed at 16 weeks of
age [(A) to (C)]. Student’sttest
[(B),(C),(E),and(F)]andTukey–
Kramer’stest(A);*P<0.01
and P< 0.05 (LFi versus HFi);
##P<0.01and#P<0.05
(HFi versus HFi + Abx). Data are
presented as means ± SEM [(A) to
(C), (E), and (F)]. LFi, offspring
derived from ICR LFi mothers; HFi,
offspring derived from ICR HFi
mothers [(A) to (C)].

A

F

B

D

E

C

0

40

20

80

60

Body weight (g)

4 8 12 16

Weeks of age

LFi

HFi

HFi + Abx.

**

##

#

*

LFi

0

100

200

300

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)HFi

*

LFi

0

20

60

80

TGs (mg/dL)

HFi

**

40

LFi

0

0.1

0.4

0.5

NEFAs (mEq /L)

HFi

**

0.2

0.3

LFi

0

100

400

500

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)HFi

**

200

300

0

34

35

36

38

Body temperature (

) **

37

LFi HFi

0

600

650

700

800

Heart rate (beats/min)

**

750

LFi HFi

epi peri sub liver

WAT

0

2

4

6

Tissue weight (g)

*#

LFi

HFi

HFi + Abx.

*#

LFi HFiLFi HFi

Mo E18.5

0

1

2

2.5

Insulin (ng/mL)

*

1.5

0.5

-8 -4 0 4

HFi / LFi (log 2 fold change)

0

1

2

3

Significance (-log

10

q

value)

acetate

n-butyrate

propionate

Mothers

(^8) -8 -4 0 4
HFi / LFi (log 2 fold change)
0
1
2
3
Embryos (E18.5)
8
1
acetate
n-butyrate
propionate
1
LFi HFiLFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
Acetate (μM)

---

LFi HFi LFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
20
30
40
50
Propionate (μM)

---

LFi HFiLFi HFi
Mo E18.5
0
5
10
15
20
n-Butyrate (μM)

---

10
LFiHFiLFiHFi
Mo E18.5
0
60
120
180
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
**
Pregnancy
Conventional Mother
Conventional Foster MotherConventional Foster Mother
After weaning,
High-fat diet feeding
After weaning,
High-fat diet feeding
Conventional Mother
+Inulindiets
Low-fiber diet High-fiberdiet
RESEARCH | RESEARCH ARTICLE