348
K
Kaluza, Theodor 311
Kant, Immanuel 120, 238
Karplus, Martin 338
Keeling, Charles 268, 294–95
Kekulé, August 15, 109, 119, 124,
160–65, 256, 258
Kelvin, Lord 98, 100, 109, 335
Kepler, Johannes 26, 28, 32, 36, 39,
40–41, 44, 52, 64, 67
Kidwell, Margaret 318
kinetic theory 24, 46, 49, 72, 139
Kirschhoff, Gustav 203, 204
Klein, Oscar 311
Koch, Robert 156, 159, 196, 197
Kölliker, Albert von 56
Kölreuter, Josef Gottlieb 104, 168
Kossel, Walther 119
Krätschmer, Wolfgang 320
Kroto, Harry 320–21
krypton 263
L
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 23, 109, 118 ,
144, 145, 147
Lamb, Marion 118
Laplace, Pierre-Simon 88, 122
Large Hadron Collider 268–69, 298–99
Lavoisier, Antoine 14, 72, 73, 78, 82, 83,
84 , 105, 122, 124
Le Verrier, Urbain 64, 86, 87
Leavitt, Henrietta 238, 239–40
Lederberg, Joshua 318, 319
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van 33, 54,
56–57, 158
Lehmann, Inge 188, 189
Lehmann, Johann 115
Leibnitz, Gottfried 33, 69, 332
Lemaître, Georges-Henri 201, 238,
242–45
Leonardo da Vinci 55, 118
leptons 306, 307
Levene, Phoebus 278, 279
Lewis, Gilbert 119, 256
Lexell, Anders Johan 87
Liebig, Justus von 124–25, 165, 335
life 159, 268, 274–75, 315
stages of development 33, 53
synthetic 268–69, 269, 324–25
light 28–29, 88–89, 111, 127, 180–85,
220, 221, 246, 273, 314
quantizing 202, 216–17, 218, 228, 234
speed of 15, 33, 50, 51, 58–59, 88–89,
108, 136–37, 200, 216, 217–19, 311
wave-particle duality 15, 108, 111,
200, 202, 228–29, 230, 234, 284, 285
waves 33, 50–51, 108, 110–11, 127,
136, 182–83, 228–29, 241
lightning 73, 92
Lindeman, Raymond 135
Linnaeus, Carl 60, 72, 74 –75, 104, 116
Lippershey, Hans 54
Locke, John 60
longitude 58–59, 103
loop quantum gravity (LQG) 310, 313
Lorentz, Hendrik 219, 229
Lorenz, Edward 296–97
Lorenz, Konrad 201, 249
Lovelock, James 132, 301, 315
Lyell, Charles 99, 128, 129, 146–47, 148M
M-theory 312–13
MacArthur, Robert 135
McCarthy, John 288
McClintock, Barbara 224, 268, 271
Magellanic Clouds 239
magnetism 14, 32, 44, 89, 92, 102, 108,
120–21, 182–85, 292, 299
Malthus, Thomas 73, 147, 148
Mandelbrot, Benoît 296, 316
Manhattan Project 201, 260–65, 273, 275
Manin, Yuri 269, 317
many-worlds interpretation (MWI) 233,
268, 284, 285
Marcy, Geoff 327
Margulis, Lynn 268, 269, 300–01, 315
Maricourt, Pierre de 44
Mars 32, 36, 315
Marsden, Ernest 192, 193, 211
Maskelyne, Nevil 73, 87, 102–03
mass, conservation of 84
mass-energy equivalence 200, 219–20,
244, 262, 270, 304
matrix mechanics 230, 234, 246
matter 208, 216, 246–47, 292, 307matter waves 229–30, 234, 235
Maury, Matthew 81, 153
Maxwell, James Clerk 50, 108, 109, 120,
136, 139, 180–85, 217, 247, 292
Mayer, Adolf 196
Mayor, Michel 327
Mayr, Ernst 144
Meitner, Lise 208, 263
MENACE 288–91
Mendel, Gregor 15, 109, 118, 149,
166–71, 224, 225, 271, 279, 324
Mendeleev, Dmitri 21, 109, 112, 114,
162, 174 –79, 306
Mercury 36, 52, 69, 221
Mereschkowsky, Konstantin 300
Mersenne, Marin 332
Messier, Charles 86
metals 95, 114, 176, 178
metamorphosis 53
meteorites 101, 275
methane 257, 258
Meyer, Lothar 176, 179
Michell, John 88–89, 314
Michelson, Albert 136, 218
Michie, Donald 286–91
microbes 156–59, 300, 301, 315, 319
microbiology 159, 196–97
microscopes 33, 54, 56–57, 157, 158,
170, 197, 268, 300
microscopic life 14, 33, 56–57, 158
Miescher, Friedrich 278, 279
Milankovic, Milutin 128
Milky Way 201, 238, 239, 240, 251, 327
Miller, Stanley 156, 159, 268, 274–75
Millikan, Robert Andrews 110, 217
Mills, Robert 292
Milne, John 188
Minkowski, Hermann 221
Minsky, Marvin 338
mitochondria 300, 301
Mohorovicic, Andrija 188
Moissan, Henri 336
molecules 15, 105, 113, 139, 162, 256,
257, 258, 320–21
Montgolfier brothers 78
Moon 26–27, 42, 64, 66, 103
Morgan, Thomas Hunt 168, 200,
224–25, 271, 279, 324
Morley, Edward 218
Moseley, Henry 176, 179
motion, laws of 14, 33, 42–43, 64–69, 72
motors, electric 15, 108, 121, 182
Müller, Erwin Wilhelm 56
Mulligan, Richard 322
mycoplasma 325INDEX