The Baghdad Set_ Iraq through the Eyes of British Intelligence, 1941–45

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with the job of extracting vital naval intelligence from an important mili-
tary prisoner, nor would she have obtained his temporary release from
imprisonment to stroll with her on the beach while she questioned him.
Cf. Geniesse, Passionate Nomad, 254.


  1. Imam Yahya (Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din) (1869–1948).

  2. Cornwallis to Stark, 14 November 1939, Container 12.2 (Sir Kinahan
    Cornwallis), Series II Correspondence, 1893–1985, HRC.

  3. Quoted without archival source or date by Raghid El-Solh, Britain’s Two
    Wars with Iraq: 1941, 1991 (Reading: Ithaca Press, 1996), 107.

  4. For more about Thornhill’s work in Cairo, see CAB 102/610, TNA;
    Sykes’ SOE P/F is at HS 9/1433/9, TNA.

  5. Interestingly, Clive’s SIS boss, Brian Giffey, was billeted with Stewart
    Perowne. See Tina Tamman, Portrait of a Secret Agent Who Knew Kim
    Philby (York: Thousand Eyes, 2014), chapter 8. It is conceivable that SIS
    found Stark and Perowne, both former members of Section D, to be suit-
    able landlords for SIS personnel because they still had some kind of con-
    nection with SIS.

  6. The Countess of Ranfurly’s memoir is Hermione Ranfurly, To War with
    Whitaker: The Wartime Diaries of the Countess of Ranfurly, 1939–1945
    (London: Mandarin, 1995). Her friend Pamela Hore-Ruthven’s memoir is
    Pamela Cooper, A Cloud of Forgetting (London: Quartet, 1993). Margaret
    Stefana ‘Peggy’ Drower wrote no memoirs, but is renowned for her biog-
    raphy: Flinders Petrie: A Life in Archaeology (London: Gollancz, 1985).
    Many of the personalities in Freya Stark’s set are mentioned in Artemis
    Cooper, Cairo in the War: 1939–1945 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1989),
    93–100; 259–60.

  7. Of all the many friends Stark had in Iraq during the war, it is striking that
    she selected only the ambassador, Ken Cornwallis, and Adrian Bishop for
    special mention in the foreword of Dust in the Lion’s Paw, writing that they
    ‘went deeply into my life and my world is the poorer for their absence.’

  8. Nevertheless, Bishop was the subject of a novel set in Vienna and published
    shortly before the war: Arthur Pumphrey [Alan Pryce-Jones], Pink Danube
    (London: Martin Secker, 1939).

  9. Besides his possessing a deep knowledge of classical Latin and Greek
    (which he read at Cambridge), and ancient and modern Farsi (acquired
    while with APOC), no one seems able to explain how Bishop acquired
    total fluency in such modern languages as Arabic, French, Italian, Greek,
    and German (which he spoke perfectly with a Viennese accent). It suggests
    an undefined, undocumented nomadic existence that lasted for some ten
    years between 1925 and 1935.

  10. Devonshire Regiment, 1917–1920, including service with
    DUNSTERFORCE.


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