Chester Miller, The Wolf by the Ears (New York: Free Press, 1977), 134-37.
48 Piero Gleijesus “The Limits of Sympathy,” Journal of Latin American
Studies 24, no. 3 (October 1992): 486, 500; Roger Kennedy, Orders from
France (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989), 140-45, 152-57.
49 Gleijesus, “The Limits of Sympathy,” 504; the Ostend Manifesto quoted in
Dumond, Antislavery, 361. See also Robert May, The Southern Dream of a
Caribbean Empire, 1854-1861 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University
Press, 1973).
50 Henry Sterks, The Free Negro in Antebellum Louisiana (Rutherford, NJ:
Fairleigh Dickenson University Press, 1972), 301-4.
51 William S. Willis, “Division and Rule: Red, White, and Black in the
Southeast,” in Leonard Dinnerstein and Kenneth Jackson, eds., American
Vistas, 1607- 1877 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 61-64; see
also Littlefield, Africans and Creeks, 10-100, and Theda Perdue, “Red and
Black in the Southern Appalachians,” Southern Exposure 12, no. 6 (November
1984): 19.
52 Sloan, Blacks in America, 9; Littlefield, Africans and Creeks, 72-80.
53 William C. Sturtevant, “Creek Into Seminole,” in Eleanor Burke Leacock
and Nancy O. Lurie, eds., North American Indians in Historical Perspective
(Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1988 [1971]), 92-128.
54 J. Leitch Wright Jr., The Only Land They Knew (New York: Free Press,
1981), 277; William Loren Katz, Teachers’ Guide to American Negro History
(Chicago: Quadrangle, 1971), 34, 63. See also Scott Thy-bony, “Against All
Odds, Black Seminole Won Their Freedom,” Smithsonian Magazine 22, no. 5
(8/1991): 90-100; and Littlefield, Africans and Creeks, 85-90.
55 Reginald Horsman, “American Indian Policy and the Origins of Manifest
Destiny,” in Francis Prucha, ed., The Indian in American History (New York:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), 28. Almost every textbook mentions
slavery as an issue in Texas, but most bury it within other “rights” Mexicans
denied Anglos. On free blacks see Moore, Stereotypes, Distortions, and
Omissions in U.S. History Textbooks, 24. Readers may also enjoy a brilliant
historical novel by R. A. Lafferty, Okla Hannali (Garden City, NY:
Doubleday, 1972), 100, which declares: “however it be falsified (and the
falsification remains one of the classic things), there was only one issue there: