238 Bartáomiej Plichta and Brad Rakerd
and upper-middle-class European Americans (such as the participants of the
present study) are likely to have adopted at least some of these features in
their own productions. Thus, the range of available phonetic variants of the
vowels /a/ and /æ/ in the community is substantial, and far greater than the
range found in the more dialectally conservative populations of the Upper
Peninsula. Exposure to these variants on an everyday basis appears to be a
critical factor in the formulation of NCCS-sensitive perceptual representa-
tions for vowels. In essence, the speech community acts as a dialectal ¿ lter
that is used actively in the speaker-hearer negotiation of vowel identity.
Appendix 9.1
Wordlist used to elicit vowel samples from talker LM and talker UP.
- jaw
- job
- knock
- lid
- lot
- nasty
- pot
- set
- shed
- heat
- shot
- sit
- soothe
- nag
- man
- caught
- head
- cod
- coat
- sought
- test
- hut
- wheat
- but
- bag
26. move
27. bit
28. book
29. boot
30. rude
31. but
32. sad
33. cap
34. cot
35. dad
36. bead
37. left
38. bet
39. dead
40. did
41. hat
42. sat
43. hit
44. should
45. shut
46. hook
47. hot
48. cat
49. mat
50. cut