304 Thomas C. Purnell
Table 13.4 Univariate Results of Canonical Discriminant Analysis
Group, Variable F p r^2
1: 1866–1892 (df = 1, 44)
% glottal pulsing 35.43 0.0001 0.446
change in F0 6.28 0.0160 0.125
vowel duration 4.28 0.0445 0.087
cha nge i n F1 2.91 0.0951 0.062
2: 1899–1918 (df = 1, 86)
% glottal pulsing 107.89 0.0001 0.557
pulsing duration 42.62 0.0001 0.331
C gap duration 24.82 0.0001 0.224
V:C ratio 5.25 0.0244 0.058
3: 1920–1939 (df = 1, 150)
% glottal pulsing 79.64 0.0001 0.347
vowel duration 31.22 0.0001 0.172
change in F0 1.22 0.2717 0.008
change in F1 0.02 0.8773 0.000
3: Perception (df = 1, 58)
vowel duration 15.29 0.0002 0.209
pulsing duration 9.71 0.0029 0.143
% glottal pulsing 7.22 0.0094 0.111
V:C ratio 1.01 0.3197 0.017
4: 1966–1986 (df = 1, 64)
% glottal pulsing 25.26 0.0001 0.283
vowel duration 7.86 0.0067 0.109
C gap duration 7.60 0.0076 0.106
change in F0 1.49 0.2270 0.023
5: Cont rols (df = 1, 96)
pulsing duration 29.08 0.0001 0.233
% glottal pulsing 20.15 0.0001 0.174
vowel duration 16.13 0.0001 0.144
V:C ratio 4.98 0.0280 0.049