322 Ahmed Moutaouakil
vance is evidenced, for example, by the fact that, in ‘polite’ languages such
as Japanese, politeness is coded by both grammatical and lexical means
which are to be underlyingly represented as Politeness operators and satel-
lites respectively.- By ‘non-formal embedding’, I refer to the kind of linkage that is found in
constructions like Paul said: “John is an excellent linguist.” where John is
an excellent linguist is an embedded clause functioning as a (Goal) second
argument of the matrix predicate said. More generally, this is the type of
embedding involved in (parts of) texts where successive clauses inherit
some of their (illocutionary, modal, temporal, etc.) features from globally
fixed values. It becomes clear that any formally oriented approach to em-
bedding phenomena fails to properly describe the structure of this type of
construction. - For the structural parallelism between a text and a piece of music, see Dik
(1997b: 415). In the same vein, J. Amjad (p.c.) has pointed out to me that
the structure of a musical composition is quite similar to the ADS advocated
here.
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