Advanced Writing with English in Use

Biographicalnarratives • Module3B

B Participle clauses
Can you rememberhowthese ideas were expressed- in singie sentences and
fewer words- in thetext?Do your best to expressthe ideas more economically,
the n compareyour ideaswith the original.

1 As a re s ultofthi s exploit he wasexpelled ,ashe hadhee nfromhis school. Then
he tookship to Englan d. (line33-4)
2 He wastaken prisoner.\Vhe n he wasaskedhis name andrank,he replied 'Group
Capt ain Turtledove '. (line4:3-5)
3 Itcrashedhack into the co mpo und. The crash se t thecompoundalight.
(line47-8)
4 ' I was at HAFI1Q. Ihad jnst beenrep atri ated fromGermanyasI had been
wounde d.[ said to the de sk...' (line54-6)

1 An alternative tolinking words.

Partici pleclausesareoftenuse d to imply reason orresult, so they can havethe

same function as link ingword s such asconsequently ,because,which is why,

andso.

N everIUJI.:illglea rnedto s!cim, Irarelygotothe seaside.
implie s Ilmcc' Wl;crlearned tos u;im,whichiswhyI rarelygoto the seaside.
Def eat edillthe deb ate, th e Primeslin ister resiglled.
implie s SheIcasdef eatedinthe deb ate, amiasa res ultsheresigned.

2 Structure
Threedifferent structu res rnaybe used, dependingon thetense.

Presentparticiple -rela te sto pre sent te nse s, pas t continuou s, and pas t Simple whe n

tw o events arc more or l e ss simul tane ous.

IIIthe firstscene Trav isis crossillg the Al oj rw e desert. He looks lik e a tr(//1I1).

In the fi rst scelleTra ctsisc rossingthes toj a cedesert, lookillg lik e atramp.

IlUISdying ofthirst.[d ra nkicaterfromthenrer.

Dying of thi rs t,ld rankumterfrom thericer.

lieturne dhis back 011 his p roblemsandtook(Jlongholidayinthe8 WI.

Tu rninghis backemhisproblems, he took aIOllgh~Jlidayill theSlUt

onHetu rn edhis back on his p roblems, takillg aIOllgholiday ill thesun.

Past participle -relate sto past Simplepass ive.

HeIvas shotdO/VIIocerFrance.lIeui asinternedin a C011lp.

Shotdoic noverFrance, he{Casinternedina call1p.

Havin g+pastparticipl e -re late s to pre sent pe rfect ,past simple , and pastperfect.

Fee icork edr;;enJhardf orthis exa11l.I'mconfidentthat['IIdouiell.

l/ a!.iillgico rk edr;enJhardforthisexam, I'mconjidentthat I'll donse li.

I h ad,wr;er eatenrail ;fi sh. I had mixed feelitlgs about theincitatlon.

NeierIWl.iing eatenr(llCfish, I had mixed[eeling»abouttheincitation.

tis a ch ild,he h adbeen attackedhya dog.lI e lcas terrifiedofthemallhis life.

lIacillg been attackedbya dog as(Jchild , he Icasterrifiedofthemallhis life.

Typesof writing • 63