Western Civilization

For an excellent survey of late antiquity and the emergence of

the medieval world, seeChris Wickham,The Inheritance of

Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000(New York,

2009).

LATE ROMAN EMPIRE On the late Roman Empire, see

S. Mitchell,History of the Later Roman EmpireA.D. 284–641

(Oxford, 2006). For new perspectives on the role of the Germans

in the fall of the Western Roman Empire, seeP. Heather,The

Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the

Barbarians(Oxford, 2006), andB. Ward-Perkins,The Fall of

Rome and the End of Civilization(Oxford, 2005).

THE GERMANIC PEOPLES For a survey of the German tribes

and their migrations, seeM. Todd,The Early Germans,2d ed.

(Oxford, 2004). On the relationship between the Romans and

the Germans, seeT. S. Burns,Rome and the Barbarians, 100

B.C.–A.D. 400(Baltimore, 2003), andM. Kulikowski,Rome’s

Gothic Wars(New York, 2007).

EARLY CHRISTIANITY For a superb introduction to early

Christianity, seeP. Brown,The Rise of Western Christendom:

Triumph and AdversityA.D.200–1000,2d ed. (Oxford, 2002).

For a good account of early monasticism, seeC. H. Lawrence,

Medieval Monasticism,3d ed. (London, 2000). On Pope Gregory

the Great, seeJ. Moorhead,Gregory the Great(London, 2005).

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Brief but good introductions to

Byzantine history can be found inA. Cameron,The Byzantines

(Oxford, 2006), andW. Treadgold,A Concise History of

Byzantium(London, 2001). On Justinian,see J. Moorhead,

Justinian(London, 1995). On Constantinople, seeJ. Harris,

Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium(New York, 2007).

ISLAMIC MIDDLE EAST For a good brief survey of the Islamic

Middle East, seeA. Goldschmidt, Jr.,A Concise History of the

Middle East,8th ed. (Boulder, Colo., 2005). On the rise of Islam,

seeF. E. Peters,Muhammad and the Origins of Islam(Albany,

N.Y., 1994).

MindTapis a fully online, highly personalized learning experience built upon

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Notes

1. “The Creed of Nicaea,” inDocuments of the Christian Church,
   ed. H. Bettenson (London, 1963), p. 35.


2. E. F. Henderson,Select Historical Documents of the Middle
   Ages(London, 1892), p. 181.


3. N. F. Cantor, ed.,The Medieval World, 300–1300(New
   York, 1963), p. 104.


4. Ibid., p. 103.
   5. Bede,A History of the English Church and People, trans. L.
   Sherley-Price (Harmondsworth, England, 1968), pp. 86–87.
   6. Quoted in P. Brown,The Rise of Western Christendom:
   Triumph and Adversity,A.D. 200–1000(Oxford, 1997), p. 98.
   7. Tertullian, “The Prescriptions Against the Heretics,” inThe
   Library of Christian Classics, vol. 5,Early Latin Theology, ed.
   and trans. S. L. Greenslade (Philadelphia, 1956), p. 36.

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