of the later Crusades, but both were failures, and he met
his death during an invasion of North Africa.PHILIP IV AND THE ESTATES-GENERAL One of Louis’s suc-
cessors, Philip IV the Fair (1285–1314), was particu-
larly effective in strengthening the French monarchy.
The machinery of governmentbecame even more special-
ized. French kings going back to the early Capetians had
possessed a household staff for running their affairs.
Over time, however, this household staff was enlarged
and divided into three groups to form three major
branches of royal administration: a council for advice, a
chamber of accounts for finances, and theParlement(par-luh-MAHNH) or royal court (the French Parlement
was not the same as the English Parliament). By the be-
ginning of the fourteenth century, the Capetians had
established an efficient royal bureaucracy.
Philip IV also brought a French parliament into being
by summoning representatives of the three estates, or
classes—the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (Second
Estate), and the townspeople (Third Estate)—to meet
with him. They did so in 1302, inaugurating the Estates-
General, the first French parliament, although it had lit-
tle real power. By the end of the thirteenth century,
France was the largest, wealthiest, and best-governed
monarchical state in Europe.SCOTLANDNorth
SeaENGLANDIRELANDFLANDERSLondonEnglis
h^Chann
el^Atlantic
OceanÎLE-
DE-
FRANCEGASCONYMAINEAQUITAINEPOITOUANJOUBRITTANYNORMANDYTOURAINEBOURBONBURGUNDYCHAMPAGNE
BLOIS
BourgesParisBordeauxPoitiersHOLY
ROMAN
EMPIRELANGUEDOC
TOULOUSELyonsToulouse
SPAINNAVARRE Avignon0 100 200 Miles0 100 200 300 KilometersFrench royal domain, 1180
French royal acquisitions:
1180–1223
1223–1337
English landsSCOTLANDENGLANDIRELANDAtlantic
OceanÎLE-
DE-
FRANCEHOLY
ROMAN
EMPIREEnglis
h^
Chan
ne
l^MARCHEPERIGORD AUVERGNEYorkCambridge
Oxford London
CanterburyMAINEAQUITAINEPOITOUANJOUBRITTANYNORMANDYTOURAINEBOURBONBURGUNDYCHAMPAGNEBLOISNorth
SeaGASCONY0 100 200 Miles0 100 200 300 KilometersFrench fiefs possessed, 1154
French fiefs possessed, 1252
To France, 1214MAP 10.1England and France (1154–1337): (left) England and Its French Holdings; (right)
Growth of the French State.King Philip II Augustus of France greatly expanded the power of the
Capetian royal family through his victories over the Plantagenet monarchy of England, which
enabled Philip to gain control over much of north-central France.Q How might the English Channel have made it more difficult for the English kings to
rule their French possessions?226 Chapter 10 The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church PowerCopyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
`Ìi`ÊÜÌ
ÊÌ
iÊ`iÊÛiÀÃÊvÊ
vÝÊ*ÀÊ* Ê
`ÌÀÊ
/ÊÀiÛiÊÌ
ÃÊÌVi]ÊÛÃÌ\Ê