Western Civilization

CHAPTER REVIEW

Upon Reflection

Q What were the chief factors that led to the urban

and rural revolts of the fourteenth century?

Q What were the causes of the Hundred Years’

War, and what were the results of the war

in the fourteenth century for France and

England?

Q What impact did the adversities of the fourteenth

century have on the Catholic Church?

Key Terms

Suggestions for Further Reading

GENERAL WORKS For a general introduction to the four-

teenth century, seeD. P. Waley and P. Denley,Later Medieval

Europe,3d ed. (London, 2001), andJ. Aberth,From the Brink

of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, War, Plague, and

Death in the Later Middle Ages(London, 2001).

THE BLACK DEATH On the Black Death, seeD. Herlihy,The

Black Death and the Transformation of the West,ed.S. K.

Cohn, Jr. (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), andJ. Kelly,The Great

Mortality(New York, 2005).

HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR Good accounts of the Hundred

Years’ War includeA. Curry,The Hundred Years’ War,2d ed.

(New York, 2004), andR. H. Neillands,The Hundred Years’

War,2d ed. (New York, 2001). On Joan of Arc, seeM. Warner,

Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism(New York, 1981).

POLITICAL HISTORY On the political history of the period,

seeB. Guenee,States and Rulers in Later Medieval Europe,

trans.J. Vale(Oxford, 1985).

CATHOLIC CHURCH A good general study of the church in

the fourteenth century can be found inF. P. Oakley,The West-

ern Church in the Later Middle Ages(Ithaca, N.Y, 1980). On

late medieval religious practices, seeR. N. Swanson, Religion

and Devotion in Europe, c. 1215–1515(Cambridge, 1995).

CULTURE A classic work on the life and thought of the later

Middle Ages isJ. Huizinga,The Autumn of the Middle Ages,

trans.R. J. Payton and U. Mammitzsch(Chicago, 1996). On

Dante, see B. Reynolds, Dante: The Poet, the Political

Thinker, the Man(London, 2006). The best work on Christine

de Pizan is byC. C. Willard,Christine de Pizan: Her Life and

Works(New York, 1984).

SOCIAL HISTORY On women in the later Middle Ages, see

S. Shahar,The Fourth Estate: A History of Women in the

Middle Ages,trans.C. Galai, rev. ed. (London, 2003). The im-

portance of inventions is discussed inJ. Gimpel,The Medieval

Machine(New York, 1976).

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Black Death(p. 250)

anti-Semitism(p. 253)

pogroms(p. 253)

scutage(p. 258)

condottieri(p. 262)

Great Schism(p. 265)

conciliarism(p. 265)

Notes

1. Quoted in H. S. Lucas, “The Great European Famine of
   1315, 1316, and 1317,”Speculum5 (1930): 359.


2. Quoted in Christos S. Bartsocas, “Two Fourteenth-Century
   Descriptions of the ‘Black Death,’”Journal of the History of
   Medicine(October 1966): 395.


3. Quoted in D. Herlihy,The Black Death and the
   Transformation of the West, ed. S. K. Cohn, Jr. (Cambridge,
   Mass., 1997), p. 9.


4. J. Froissart,Chronicles, ed. and trans. G. Brereton
   (Harmondsworth, England, 1968), p. 111.


5. Ibid., p. 212.


6. Ibid., p. 89.
   7. Quoted in R. Coogan,Babylon on the Rh^one: A Translation of
   Letters by Dante, Petrarch, and Catherine of Siena
   (Washington, D.C., 1983), p. 115.
   8. Dante,Divine Comedy, trans. D. Sayers (New York, 1962),
   “Paradise,” canto 33, line 145.
   9. Christine de Pizan,The Book of the City of Ladies, trans. E.
   J. Richards (New York, 1982), pp. 83–84.


7. Quoted in S. Stuard, “Dominion of Gender: Women’s
   Fortunes in the High Middle Ages,” inBecoming Visible:
   Women in European History, ed. R. Bridenthal, C. Koonz,
   and S. Stuard, 2d ed. (Boston, 1987), p. 169.


8. Quoted in J. Gimpel,The Medieval Machine(New York,
   1976), p. 168.

272 Chapter 11 The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

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