Ulpian (Rome), 127
Ultra-Catholics, 320
Umayyad dynasty, 168–69, 170, 192, 194
Umma, 7
Unam Sanctam(Boniface VIII), 263, 264
Unification, of Spain, 293
United Netherlands.SeeDutch Republic
United Provinces.SeeDutch Republic
United States, slavery and, 339
Universal law of gravitation, 393
Universal person, 275
Universe: geocentric view of, 88, 387;
heliocentric view of, 88, 388,389,390;
Kepler on, 388–89; medieval conception
of, 388 ; Scientific Revolution and,
387–88.See alsoAstronomy
Universities and colleges: in High Middle
Ages, 211–13, 212 (map),213,214;
violence in, 213; women and, 213.
See alsoEducation; specific schools
Upper Austria, 367
Upper classes: diet of, 180; in Rome, 107–8,
126, 127, 130, 132, 133.See alsoClasses
Upper Egypt, 16
Ur, 7,9,9–10
Urban II (Pope), 241, 242, 243 (map)
Urban VI (Pope), 265
Urban areas: in 14th century, 267;
Hellenistic, 83–84; in High Middle Ages,
207, 209, 210 ; in Renaissance, 274.
See alsoCities and towns
Urbino, 279, 280
Ur-Nammu (Ur), 10
Uruk,1,2, 7
Uzbekistan, 6
Valencia, 227
Valerian (Rome), 137–38
Valley of Mexico, 334.See alsoMexico
Valois dynasty (France), 256, 308, 320
Values, 111, 124; Greek, 52, 53; Spartan,
57–58
Vandals, 150, 153 (map), 162
Van Eyck, Jan, 290–91, 292
Varangians, Swedish Vikings as, 191
Varus (Rome), Teutoburg Forest massacre
and, 122
Vasari, Giorgio, 274, 291
Vassals and vassalage, 183–86, 232, 256
Vatican Palace, 289
Venice: crusades and, 243, 245; population
of, 209; republic of, 228 (map), 229, 262,
279; trade and, 205, 276
Veracruz, Corte ́s in, 334
Verdun, Treaty of, 181, 181 (map)
Vernacular languages: literature in, 216,
266–67; in Renaissance, 296
Versailles: Hall of Mirrors at, 365 ; lifestyle
at, 363
Vesalius, Andreas, 394, 397
Vespasian (Rome), 124, 135
Vespucci, Amerigo, 333
Vesta (goddess), 106
Viceroy, 337
Vienna, Ottomans and, 309, 367, 370
Vienne, France, Romanesque church in, 216Vietnam, 342, 344
Vikings: in England, 182–83, 183 ; in Russia,
191
Villages, 202
Violence, at medieval universities, 213
Virgil, 129
Virginia, Jamestown in, 347
Virginity, cult of, 160
Virgin Mary, 237
Virtue, Stoics on, 89
Visconti family: as dukes, 262; end of
lineage, 279; Florence and, 229
Visigoths: kingdom of, 153 (map); Muslims
and, 169; Rome and, 150; in Spain,
153–54
Vision(movie), 236
Vizier (Egypt), 17
Vladimir (Rus state), 191
Volga River region, 191, 231
Volscians, 99
Von Bora, Katherina, 308
Voting and voting rights: in Rome, 99; in
Sparta, 57
Voyages of exploration,327,328, 329–31,
333–37
Wages, price revolution and, 352
Wales, 154
Wallachia, 296
Walled cities, 207
Walsingham, Francis, 323
Warka, Uruk ruins in,1, 2
Warriors, 203; Assyrian, 37 ; Mycenaean, 51
Wars and warfare: Assyrian siege warfare,
38; over colonies, 351; Dutch and, 372;
Greek, 55; Hellenistic, 83; in Italy, 280; of
Louis XIV, 365–66; nobility in, 202;
Roman, 99–100; slave trade and, 339;
Sumerian, 9–10.See alsospecific battles
and wars
Wars of Religion, 319–20
Wars of the Roses (England), 292
Wartburg Castle, Luther at, 305
War with Catiline, The(Sallust), 114
Water, sources of, 209, 211
Water pollution, 209, 211
Water power, 201
Way of the Samurai, The, 185
Wealth: in Arab Empire, 193; in High Middle
Ages, 203; of Persian rulers, 44
Wealth gap, in Rome, 129, 130, 134
Weapons: in African trade, 348; Assyrian,
36, 37; Byzantine, 165; Hittite, 29; of
horsemen, 184; in Hundred Years’ War,
256, 258; iron, 52; Japan and, 345;
Portuguese, 331; Roman, 104, 105
Weddings, in Renaissance, 278
Wergeld,154, 156
West, the.SeeWestern civilization
West Africa, 338, 339, 347–48
Western civilization: ancient Near East and,
1–24; Hittite role in, 29; Southeast Asia
and, 339–42
Western Europe: absolutism in, 358, 362–66;
civilization of, 174; population of, 199
(tab.); Russia and, 369Western Franks, 181.See alsoFrance; Franks
Westernization, of Russia, 369
Western Roman Empire, 150, 152, 162
Western Slavs, 190–91, 190 (map)
West Indies, 346 (map)
Westphalia, Peace of, 361–62, 366, 372
Whitby, monastery of, 160
William III (Orange), 372, 376, 377
William and Mary (England), 376, 377
William of Aquitaine, 232
William of Nassau (prince of Orange), 321
William of Normandy (the Conqueror),
222–23
William of Orange, 372
Wimborne, abbess of, 160
Wind power, 201
Winkelmann, Maria, 395–96
Wisdom, Greek, 65–67
Wisdom literature, in Egypt, 21
Witchcraft, 358–59
Wittenberg, Luther in, 304, 305, 307
Wives: Carolingian, 179; Hammurabi’s Code
on, 11–12; in Islam, 167–68.See also
Families; Women
Women: in 14th century, 270; in aristocracy,
203–4; Aristotle and, 67; in Athens,68,
68–70; in Byzantine Empire, 188–89; in
Carolingian Empire, 179; celibacy and,
160; Christianity and, 143; Christine de
Pizan on, 267; in cities, 211; debates on
nature of, 396–97; education and, 107,
284, 285; in Egypt, 23; in Frankish
society, 156; in Greece, 54; Hammurabi’s
Code on, 11–12; in Hellenistic world, 85,
86; in Homeric world, 53–54; in Italian
Renaissance, 280, 284–85; medieval, 202,
211; missionary nunneries and, 348;
monasticism and, 158, 160; in New
World, 351; in Paleolithic society, 3–4;
Plato and, 66; Protestant, 315; in
religious orders, 234; in Renaissance Italy,
278; roles of, 268; in Rome, 107–8,109,
132; in Russia, 369; in sciences, 395–97;
in Slavic world, 191; in Sparta, 57–58;
universities and, 213; witchcraft and,
359.See alsoBirth control; Gender and
gender issues; Sex and sexuality
Woolen industry, 206, 255–56, 276
Workers: in Egypt, 18, 23.See alsoLabor;
Working class(es)
Working class(es): in Renaissance, 277.
See alsoWorkers
Workplace, 268
World-machine, of Newton, 393
Worldview: Mesopotamian, 12; scientific, 386
Worms, Jews of, 239
Writing: cuneiform, 13 (tab.); in Egypt, 20;
Greek, 52; Mesopotamian, 13–14, 13
(tab.); in Neolithic period, 5; Phoenician,
35, 36 (tab.); Sumerian, 13 (tab.).See also
Alphabet
Wyclif, John, 296
Xavier, Francis (Saint), 317, 345
Xenophon, 69
Xerxes (Persia), 59Index 431Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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