taken into account, there was still a slight margin of benefit.
The question of whether patients who developed a toxic
reaction during gold therapy more often enjoyed some degree
of remission was answered in the negative. Despite this, in a
few carefully controlled studies now covering some 500
cases, gold-treated patients clearly showed a greater
improvement compared to untreated patients.
http://www.quimica.es/enciclopedia/Crisoterapia.html
[ 75 ]Aurothioglucose. Jennifer Minigh, in xPharm: The
Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 2008.
Aurothioglucose, a gold salt containing approximately 50 %
gold, is effective in the treatment of arthritis following
intramuscular injection. Aurothioglucose is indicated for the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis American Medical
Association ( 1980 ) that is unresponsive to conventional
therapy. Although aurothioglucose differs structurally from
gold sodium thiomalate, both agents have gold attached to a
sulfur group Product Information Solganal ( 1997 ). Studies
have demonstrated that aurothioglucose is equally effective
as gold sodium thiomalate in the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis Gottlieb ( 1977 ). Although aurothioglucose may be
associated with a lower incidence of toxicity than gold
sodium thiomalate, these differences may not be clinically
significant Lawrence ( 1976 ). Presently, the anti-arthritis
mechanism of action of gold salts is unknown. Data suggest
the accumulation of gold in macrophages results in the
inhibition of phagocytosis and of lysosomal enzymes Jessop
et al ( 1973 ). These effects may suppress the active stage of
rheumatoid disease. Used in chronic advanced rheumatoid
arthritis, gold salts may prevent further damage to affected
joints Baldassare et al ( 1980 ). Several months of continuous
therapy is required to observe the initial response to
aurothioglucose Debendetti et al ( 1976 ), Anon, Empire
Rheumatism Council ( 1961 ). Aurothioglucose should be
administered only by intramuscular injection, preferably
intragluteally USPDI ( 2000 ).
http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/aurothioglucose
[ 76 ]Gold Sodium Thiomalate is the sodium salt of gold
thiomalic acid, an organogold compound with antirheumatic
and potential antineoplastic activities. Gold sodium
thiomalate (GST) appears to inhibit the activity of atypical
protein kinase C iota (PKCiota) by forming a cysteinyl-
aurothiomalate adduct with the cysteine residue Cys- 69
within the PB 1 binding domain of PKCiota. This prevents
the binding of Par 6 (Partitioning defective protein 6 ) to
PKCiota, thereby inhibiting PKCiota-mediated oncogenic
signaling, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell
proliferation, the promotion of tumor cell differentiation, and
the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Atypical PKCiota, a
serine/threonine kinase overexpressed in numerous cancer
cell types, plays an important role in cancer proliferation,
invasion, and survival; Par 6 is a scaffold protein that
facilitates atypical PKC-mediated phosphorylation of
cytoplasmic proteins involved in epithelial and neuronal cell
polarization.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Gold-sodium-
thiomalate[ 77 ]Retrospective Observational Epidemiologic Study of
Sensitization to Gold Sodium Thiosulfate in the Allergy
Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital. M. Arteaga-Henríquez, I.
Latour-Álvarez, E. García-Peris, N. Pérez-Robayna. Servicio
de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San
Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, España. Dear Editor: Gold
sodium thiosulfate (GST) is a common sensitizer that is very
prevalent in the environment. It was named allergen of the
year by the North American Contact Dermatitis Society in
2001 , and in 2012 , it was included in the T.R.U.E. TEST
allergen panel. T.R.U.E. TEST is a ready-to-use diagnostic
test comprising 36 substances in 3 custom-prepared panels
that provides the optimal allergen concentration in each of its
patches. Consequently, since it first appeared, it has become
increasingly used in dermatology departments, to the extent
that it is now the standard series in many hospitals. The use
of gold in patch tests is controversial. Its results are difficult
to interpret, and, like many other metals, it is a common
irritant. Consequently, it has been associated with late and
persistent reactions (the possibility of active sensitization has
even been considered). Furthermore, its relevance is difficult
to identify, and the exact mechanisms by which this
substance interacts with the human body remain
unknown. 1 – 8. The objective of the present study was to
determine where GST ranks in the order of frequency of
sensitizers causing positive results in patients seen in the
contact allergy department. We also aimed to identify the
demographic characteristics of patients who tested positive to
GST, establish the relevance of the positive results, and
define the usefulness of standardized patch testing with the
allergen. We performed an observational retrospective
epidemiological study of all patients seen in the contact
allergy department of a tertiary hospital from January to June
2015. Of the 234 patients seen, 85 ( 36. 32 %) were excluded
because either they had not undergone patch testing or the
results of their patch tests were negative. The series used was
the T.R.U.E. TEST. For all patients, the variables studied
were as follows: age, sex, profession, known allergies,
intolerance to metals, time since lesions first appeared,
symptoms, location, patient's identification of contactant,
presence of any other skin complaint, and frequency of