Evolution The violent spirit to forge a civilization vol 1

─Record of the first murder by beating in the Paleolithic period

«Making a third reading in the search to understand violence

in the history of hominids, and which is the basis of my

hypothesis that: "violence and psychoactive substances were

the basis for the development of human intelligence; and that

this human intelligence is getting closer and closer to digital

symbiosis. That is to say, an artificial intelligence so refined

that it does not require violence or mental and/or spiritual

slavery in order for man to live in a state of peace with his

environment and with himself. »

According to a publication in the journal PLoS ONE (^) [ 37 ] by Elena Kranioti, a

forensic anthropologist at the University of Crete and co-author of a study on the

skull of Cioclovina, the two fractures in the skull occurred around the time of the

individual's death. Both the first, a collapsed injury, located in the occipital bone

(at the base of the skull), and the second, in the right parietal bone, show no signs

of healing, implying that they did not have time to heal. The study concludes that -

they either occurred during the fossilization process or at a time close to the death

of the individual (perimortem lesions) (^) [ 38 ].

This study was possible because the skull was discovered in a Romanian

cave in 1941 , which made it possible to determine that this individual was beaten

to death thousands of years ago. At a time when the Second World War had

already generated a great deal of violence, a group of Romanian miners

discovered a human skull showing signs of violence in the Cioclovina cave (^) [ 39 ] in

Transylvania. Many years after the end of this episode in the eternal history of

warfare, the skull could be dated: it was 33 , 000 years old and belonged to an adult

male. An important point to investigate was the cause of the blows, and whether

they actually caused the death of the individual. Several tests were carried out with

spheres made of artificial bone and filled with special gelatine used in ballistic

tests. The only fractures that matched those of the Cioclovina skull were those

caused by a stick in two successive blows. Thus, forensic analysis suggests that

the attack was head-on and that the perpetrator was either left-handed or used both

hands to hold a stick or similar blunt object. Conclusion: ─death was caused by