Southeast
Africa
409,000Other^ Af
rica
2 ,^302 ,^0
00Bight of Biafra
1,117,000Gold
Coast
WindwardCoast 745,000
202,000Sierra Leone
246,000Returned
to Africa
122,000Senegambia
603,000Deaths
recorded
en route
1,309,000West^ Central^ Afric
a
3 ,^472 ,^00024,000Bight^of
Benin1 ,^535
,^0
00To Europe
8,000Cape Verde Is.Cape VerdeBiokoSt. HelenaPorto Praya
(Praia)Ouidah(PORTUGAL)(U.K.)DAHOMEYYoruba
EdoNupe ChambaDendi HausaFon
EweApril 16-22Clotilda arrived
on May 15.(mainly intercepted
slave ships)
Homeland of
captive Ossa KeebyHomeland of captives
Charles Lewis, Cudjo Lewis,
and Pollee AllenJune 5Clotilda departed
Ouidah around May
24, 1860, with 110
NIGERIA captives on board.CÔTE
D’IVOIRELIBERIAGUINEASENEGALMAURITANIA(MOR.)WESTERN
SAHARAGUBISSINEAAU-THE GAMBIACAMEROONEQ.
GUINEA
GABONANGOLANAMIBIASOUTH
AFRICACONGO DEM. REP.
OF THE
CONGOBENINTOGOGHANAMOROCCOPORTUGAL SPAINAFRICA
EUROPE
O C E A N
Embarked
from Africa1500 1600 1700 1800 1866Disembarked
in the Americas1808
Transatlantic slave
trade illegal in U.S.
and Great Britain1619
First documented
African slaves in
colonial VirginiaTransatlantic slave trade
1 500- 1866
by decade1833
Great Britain
abolishes
slavery at home1865
U.S.
abolishes
slavery681 ,328 captives
from 18 21-1 830U.S. STATE BOUNDARIES AS OF 1860 ARE SHOWN. PRESENT-DAY COUNTRY BOUNDARIES ARE SHOWN ELSEWHERE.
MATTHEW W. CHWASTYK, JASON TREAT, NGM STAFF
SOURCES: TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE DATABASE, SLAVEVOYAGES.ORG; SYLVIANE A. DIOUF; MOBILE PUBLIC LIBRARYDEADLY CROSSING
Of the more than 10 million recorded
captives forced onto ships, on average
one in eight died during the voyage.European slave traders
Ships sailing under the flags of European
nations, predominantly Portugal and
Britain, undertook nearly 32,000 voyages
transporting enslaved Africans to Europe
and the Americas over the centuries.Human spoils of war
Enslaving defeated foes was a common
tactic used by many ethnic groups in
Africa. Victors often sold captives to
coastal kingdoms like Dahomey, where
the Clotilda went to buy slaves.