PERSIANSthe case of ~alil;1 ibn 'Abd ar-Ral;1man, whose parents were taken
captive near Zaranj in Sistan in 650-51 and were sold in the slave
market in Basra.^101DEFECTION AND MIGRATIONIn addition to those Persians whose condition and location were
affected involuntarily by the conquest, a number of Persian soldiers
managed to preserve themselves by coming to terms with the con-
querors. Among the first to go over to the winning side were a group
of Persians called the If.amrli' (Ar. "red"), who converted to Islam
and joined the Muslim army, some before the Battle of Qadisiyya,
some afterwards. They were integrated into the Muslim army as allies
of the Arab tribe of Tamim and participated in the division of the
booty at Qadisiyya, where they received shares equal to those of the
Arabs in the army.102 Afterwards, they took part in Sa'd's campaign
and formed part of the advance guard under Qa'qa' after the Battle
of Jalula'. They were with Qa'qa' atKhaniqin, where the dependents
of the Persian army were taken captive. After the fall of Hulwan,
Qa'qa' settled the If.amrli' there as a border garrison under their
leader, a man named Qubadh.103 Some of the If.amrli' were settled as
far away as Saman, one of the sub districts (M.P., N.P. rustliq) of Mah
Dinar on the border of the province of Isfahan.^104 But some of them
returned to Kufa with the Muslim army and settled there. Among the
If.amrli' who settled at Kufa were a corps of four thousand Daylamis
formed by Khusraw II Parviz called the Jund Shahanshah. They ac-
cepted Islam in exchange for security at Qadisiyya, became allies (Ar.
~lilifu) of the Banu Tamim, and as a unit received one million dirhams
in stipends. They were present at the fall of Mada'in and at Jalula',
and settled in Kufa under a representative (Ar. naqfb) called Daylam
where they had their own masjid.10S A village inhabited by If.amrli'
Daylam existed near Kufa in the 640s.^106
During the governorship of Ziyad, the Kufan shurta was recruited
among members of the local If.amrli'. They were armed with clubs
101 Baliidhuri, Futub, pp. 300-301.
102 Tabari, Ta'rtkh, I, 2261.
103 Ibid., I, 2473-74. Qubiidh was a native of Khurasan.
104 Ibid., n, 992.
105 Baliidhuri, Futub, p. 280; Ibn al-Faqih, Buldan, p. 174.
106 "Qaryatan min 1:lamra' Daylam"; Yiiqiit, Buldan, IV, 758.