- Michels 1967, 180 – 81; Fraschetti 1990, 39 n. 59.
- Suerbaum 1980, 327 – 29, 332 – 34; my presentation here is merely a précis of
his impressive argumentation. - The date is fixed by the Fasti Verulani for 14 January: Degrassi 1963, 158.
- Suerbaum 1980, 329.
- Again, Suerbaum 1980, 335 – 37.
- Her birthday is marked in the Acta of the Fratres Arvales: Degrassi 1963, 405.
- E.g., Radke 1990, 81 – 82. On the extra ninety days Caesar had to add to the
year 46, ultimus annus confusionis,in order to bring it into line with the seasons before
his reformed calendar began, see Macr. Sat.1.14.7 (the source for the often-quoted
tag); Censorinus DN20.8. - Briscoe 1991.
- My thanks to Bob Kaster for helpful conversation on this point.
- Indeed, the British Parliament knew this in its bones as well: “The Act of Par-
liament that introduced the New Style from 14 September 1752 prescribed that a 21st
year of age current at the time of the change should be assigned the same number of
days as if the reform had not been made” (Blackburn and Holford-Strevens 1999, 87). - The details of Republican intercalation are still contested: I follow Michels
(1967, 161) and Hannah (2005, 107 – 8) in thinking that an intercalary month of twenty-
seven days was added to a shortened February, beginning on either 24 February or 25
February, thus adding either twenty-two or twenty-three days to the year’s total.
Hence one of the meanings of the Terminalia (“23 February”), which would terminate
the month of February in a year when the intercalary month began on 24 February. - Hinds 2005a, 221 – 22, with n. 38 (original emphasis); my thanks to him for dia-
logue on the anniversary. This is only one example of the fundamental transformations
of the apprehension of time enforced upon the Romans by Caesar’s reform: this trans-
formation will be the main subject of the next chapter. - Sider 1997, 153, commenting on poem 27 ( = Anth. Pal.11.44).
- Coleman 1988, 197; Burkhard 1991, 37 – 141; Argetsinger 1992; for Ovid ’s
exploitation of the form, see Hinds 2005a. As Nisbet (2002, 83) points out, citing Tib.
1.7, 2.2, 3.11, 12, 14, 15, an interest in such poems “is particularly noticeable in the cir-
cle of Messalla.” Note the interesting letter Augustus wrote on his own birthday to his
grandson Gaius, congratulating himself on having lived through the climacteric year,
the sixty-third (Gell. NA15.7.3). - Russell 1996, 629.
124.Anth. Pal.6.227 (to “Proklos” = Proculus, a Roman); 6.261 (to a Greek, “son
of Simon”); 6.345 (roses speak as they are sent to an anonymous woman, who could be
either Greek or Roman). - Burkhard 1991, 142 – 45.
- My thanks, then, to the Merton College students by whose suffering I learned.
notes to pages 154 – 158. 281