Ottoman Attitudes toward the Modernization of Jewish Education · 27Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of Turkish Political Ideas (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1962), 155–68ff.
- See James W. Redhouse, A Turkish and English Lexicon (Constantinople:
American Board Mission, 1921), 1972; Avigdor Levy, “Millet Politics: The Ap-
pointment of a Chief Rabbi in 1835,” in The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Avig-
dor Levy (Princeton: Darwin Press, 1994), 104, 430, 434. - Roderic H. Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856–1876 (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1963), 140–42, 147–48ff.; Steven Rosenthal, “Minori-
ties and Municipal Reform in Istanbul, 1850–1870,” in Christians and Jews in the
Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, 2 vols., ed. Benjamin Braude
and Bernard Lewis, (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1982), 1:369–85. - Robert Devereux, The First Ottoman Constitutional Period: A Study of the
Midhat Constitution and Parliament (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1963), 144; Hasan Kayali, “Jewish Representation in the Ottoman Parliaments,”
in The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Levy, 508–11. - Galante, Histoire des Juifs de Turquie, 9:95; Levy, Sephardim, 109–10.
- Yahya Akyüz, Türk Eğitim Tarihi (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim
Bilimleri Fakültesi, 1982), 100–118; Selcuk A. Somel, The Modernization of Public
Education in the Ottoman Empire, 1839–1908: Islamization, Autocracy, and Discipline
(Leiden: Brill, 2001), 25–41, 86–92. - Levy, Sephardim, 109–11; Selim Deringil, The Well-Protected Domains: Ideol-
ogy and the Legitimization of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876–1909 (New York:
I. B. Tauris, 1998), 93–94. - Galante, Histoire des Juifs de Turquie, 9:95, 109–10; Berkes, Secularism, 114–
15; Osman Ergin, Türkiye Maarif Tarihi, 5 vols. (Istanbul: Osmanbey Matbaası,
1939–43), 2:285–86; Hayyim J. Cohen, The Jews of the Middle East, 1860–1972 (Je-
rusalem: Israel Universities Press, 1973), 131. - Berkes, Secularism, 188–90; Levy, Sephardim, 110, 148n388.
- Cohen, Jews of the Middle East, 131; Levy, Sephardim, 110–11.
- Aron Rodrigue, “The Beginnings of Westernization and Community Re-
form among Istanbul’s Jewry, 1854–65,” in The Jews of the Ottoman Empire, ed.
Levy, 441; Levy, Sephardim, 113. - Rodrigue, “Beginnings of Westernization,” 442–51.
- Narcisse Leven, Cinquante ans d’histoire: l’Alliance Israélite Universelle
(1860–1910), 2 vols. (Paris: Librairie Felix Alcan, 1911–20), 1:69. - Ibid., 2:53–60, 65–71, 159–71, 177–79; Aron Rodrigue, French Jews, Turkish
Jews: The Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey,
1860–1925 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), 47–57. - Rodrigue, French Jews, 71–80; Levy, Sephardim, 113–14.
- Keren, Jewish Community of Rusçuk, 209–11.
- Ali Haydar Mithat, The Life of Midhat Pasha (London: Murray, 1903; re-
print, New York: Arno Press, 1973), 40–42. - Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 145.
- Keren, Jewish Community of Rusçuk, 213–32.