A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean

Ethnos and Koinon 281

of ethnic belonging to encourage communities to join. However, from the beginning,
the ethnic argument had only limited efficacy. Those who were opposed to membership
could easily reject the claim that ethnic identity should on its own determine political
alignments. Those who were in favor of participation but who belonged to anotherethnos
appear to have had no trouble whatsoever in making the case for their participation in
a state that was at one time ethnically homogeneous. Andkoinathat had reasons to
overstep their putative ethnic boundaries by incorporating members beyond theethnos
had, in turn, evidently no qualms whatsoever about doing so. If rejection of the ethnic
argument for political alignment by “kin” is already seen in sixth-century Boeotia in the
case of Plataea, we do not have evidence forkoinaincorporating memberpoleisbeyond
theethnosbefore the early fourth century. It may, then, be that ethnicity provided an
important framework within which the innovation of thekoinonitself became possible.
However, to say that it did more would be to overstate the case for the relationship
between ethnic identity and political behavior in ancient Greece.

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