Abd al-Malik 200, 204
acculturation 212
administration 86–96, 103; cities 160–2;
classes 92–6; and division of the
Roman empire 24–5; organization of
labour 88–93
Adrianople, battle of 3, 17, 42, 378
Agathias 136
AïnDjelloula 153
Alaric, Visigoth 25, 26, 42, 43, 48, 51
Alexandria 29, 67, 130–1, 136, 146–7
almsgiving 81–2, 140
Amalasuntha 111, 132, 237
Ambrose, bishop of Milan 18, 64, 219
Amida 188
Ammianus Marcellinus 15, 16, 17, 18, 92
Amorkesos 174–5
Anastasius, emperor 32, 38, 69, 100
Anatolius 74
Androna 152–3
Anemurium 155
Anicia Juliana 62
Annales School 128
annona 23, 98–9, 102, 166, 172
Anomoeans 15
Anthemius 37, 41
anthropology 211–12
anti-Chalcedonianism 185–7
Antioch 112–13, 146–7, 157, 249
Antony, St 77
Apamea 155
Aphrodisias 75, 149–50, 152, 165
apostates 19
Arabic 3, 175, 176, 179
Arabs 88, 169; Christians under Islam
203–7; conquests in the seventh
century 3, 192, 198–207, 209; in the
Near East before Islam 174–6
Arcadius, emperor 1, 25, 26
archaeology 6, 9–10, 86, 212; evidence
and cities 148–51; survey
archaeology 147–8
architecture of churches 60–3
Arianism 68
aristocratic Roman families 37, 47–8
Arius 13
Arles, Council of (314) 13
armysee Roman army
art history 6
ascetics 76–81, 139–40, 183–4
Aspar 37
Aspebetos 175
Athanaric 16, 18
Athanasius, St 9, 14
Athaulf 51
Athenaïs see Eudocia
Athens 135–6, 154
Attila, Hun 36, 38, 43–4
Augustine, St 7, 19, 65, 77, 130, 137, 138,
141
Augustus, emperor 14
authoritarianism 84–5
Avars 154, 195, 197, 198, 211
Avitus 41Baghdad 213
Balkans 153–4
barbarians 17–18, 25–6, 37–8, 39–57; and
Constantinople and the east 22–3,
25–6, 37–8; fall of the Roman empire
in the west 40–2; late fourth century
onwards 42–8; and the late Roman
army 52–4; in the Roman army 53–4;
settlement and the early medieval
kingdoms 48–52; subsidies paid to
50–2, 97–8; see also under individual
barbarian groups
Barberini ivory 110, 126–7INDEX