Notes to Pages 192–200 247
- Demochares’s history of his times is lost but quoted by Polybius 12.13. D’Angour
2011, 164. Berryman 2009, 29– 30. - Koetsier and Kerle 2015, fig. 2a and b. The Giant Snail and problems with Rehm’s
theory, see Ian Ruffell’s University of Glasgow blog post “Riding the Snail,” March
31, 2016, http:// classics .academicblogs .co .uk /riding -the -snail/. - Snails in Greek folklore, Hesiod Works and Days 571; Plautus Poen. 531; Plutarch
Moralia 525e. Donkeys (asses): Homer Iliad 11.558; Simonides 7.43– 49; Plautus
Asinaria; Apuleius Golden Ass; etc. - Diodorus Siculus frag. 27.1.
- Polybius 13.6– 8; Apega 18.17; also 4.81, 16.13, 21.11. Sage 1935. Pomeroy (2002, 89– 90
and n51) accepts authenticity of account, 152. - Aristotle Constitution of Athens, describes the kleroterion; for a surviving example,
Dow 1937. Demetrius and Mithradates’s attempt to surpass him in 88 BC, Mayor
2010, 179– 83. Ancient military technology: Aeneas Tacticus; Philo of Byzantium;
Berryman 2009, 70– 71; Cuomo 2007; Hodges 1970, 145– 53, 183– 84; Marsden 1971.
Archimedes, Plutarch Marcellus 14– 18; Brunschwig and Lloyd 2000, 544– 53; Key-
ser and Irby- Massie 2008, 125– 28. - Mayor 2010, 182, 291– 92, 193– 94. Kotsanas 2014, deus ex machina model, 101.
- Koetsier and Kerle 2015.
- Keyser 2016 on the date of the Grand Procession, marriage to Arsinoe II, and the
reliability of Callixenus’s account, based on Accounts of the Penteterides. - Koetsier and Kerle 2015. Athenaeus Learned Banquet 11.497d; Keyser and Irby-
Massie 2008, 496. - Philo, Ctesibius, Heron: Hodges 1970, 180– 84. Neither Ctesibius nor Philo of Byz-
antium receives notice in Minsoo Kang’s “historical study of the automaton” as a
working object and concept in the European imagination. The unparalleled Nysa
automaton is relegated to a footnote, and Demetrius’s Great Snail and the deadly
Apega “robot” of Sparta are also omitted from Kang’s categories of actual mechan-
ical automata of human design in antiquity: Kang 2011, 16– 18, 332n66 (Nysa); 1.
Sylvia Berryman (2009, 116) briefly mentions the possibility that Ctesibius made
the Nysa automaton. - Zielinski and Weibel 2015, 20– 47; Truitt 2015a, 4, 19; Keyser and Irby- Massie 2008,
684– 56. - Huffman 2003, 575; Philo Pneumatics 40, 42. Diagram of the bird- and- snake assem-
blage, James and Thorpe 1994, 117. For working models of bronze and wood and
explanations of the serving woman, the bird and owl, and the Pan and dragon, see
Kotsanas 2014, 51– 55. - Heron: Woodcroft 1851; Keyser and Irby- Massie 2008, 384– 87. Ruffell 2015– 16.
- Working models and explanation of the Heracles- and- dragon mechanism, and the
automatic theater, James and Thorpe 1994, 136– 38; Kotsanas 2014, 58 and 71– 75.
Anderson 2012 (the first programmable device is often said to be the Jacquard loom
of 1800). Berryman 2009, 30 citing Heron Automata 4.4.4. Huffman 2003, 575.