references
al-Auliya‘, trans. A. J. Arberry [1966] (London, New York and Ontario,
1990), pp. 39–51.
12 See Veronica Doubleday, Three Women of Herat (London, 1988); Malalai
Jo ya, Raising my Voice (London, Sydney and Auckland, 2009); Jenny
Nordberg, The Underground Girls of Kabul (London, 2014); Annemarie
Schimmel, My Soul is a Woman: The Feminine in Islam (New York and
London, 1997).
13 For badal, see Grima, The Performance of Emotion, pp. 70–79; for ghairat,
see Nasifa Shah, Honour and Violence: Gender, Power and Law in Southern
Pakistan (Oxford and New York, 2016), pp. 40–43.
14 Alfred Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam.
1 Afghan Sultanates, 1260–17321 Umar Kamal Khan, Rise of the Saddozais and the Emancipation of Afghans
(Multan, 1999), my translation of the Persian text at p. 35, n. 2.
2 Unless stated otherwise all dates are ce. Hijra dates (Islamic religious/lunar
calendar) are given as h. (for example, 1150 h.) and Afghan/Persian solar
dates with s. (for example, 1355 s.).
3 Hudūd al-‘Ālam, ‘The Regions of the World’, a Persian Geography, 372
ah–982 ah, trans. V. Minorsky, E.J.W. Gibb Memorial New Series, xi, 2nd
edn (London, 1970), pp. 111–12, 347 n. 22; C. E. Bosworth, The Ghaznavids:
Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern India, 994–1040, 1st Indian edn
(New Delhi, 1992), pp. 35–6, 109, 205–6.
4 W. Vogelsang, The Afghans (London and Malden, ma, 2002), pp. 168–9;
L. Lockhart, The Fall of the Safawid Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation
of Persia (Cambridge, 1958), pp. 80–82.
5 C. E. Bosworth, ‘The Development of Persian Culture under the Early
Ghaznavids’, in The Medieval History of Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia
(London, 1977), xviii, p. 35.
6 Bosworth, The Ghaznavids, pp. 98–115.
7 Ibn Battuta, Selections from the Travels of Ibn Battuta, 1325–1354, trans. and
ed. H.A.R. Gibb [1929] (Lahore, 1985), p. 178.
8 Maulana Minhaj al-Din Juzjani, Tabāqāt-i Nāsirī: A General History of the
Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia including Hindustan from ah 194 (810 ad)
to ah 658 (1260 ad), trans. and ed. Maj. H. G. Raverty [1881] (New Delhi,
1970), vol. ii, pp. 852–3.
9 Muhammad Akbar Rahim, History of the Afghans in India, ad 154–631
(Karachi, 1961), pp. 30–31.
10 Ibid., p. 54.
11 Ibid., pp. 30–38; my translation of the Persian text at n. 3, p. 38. In Islamic
tradition Dajal is a semi-human figure covered in red hair, one-eyed and
corpulent. The term is often used for barbarians or ugly, coarse people.
12 Zahir al-Din Babur, Babur-Nama, trans. Annette S. Beveridge [1922]
(Lahore, 1979), pp. 331, 341.
13 Rahim, Afghans in India, pp. 248–55; Niccolao Manucci, Storia do Mogor, or
Mogul India, 1653–1708, trans. William Irvine (London, 1907), vol. i, p. 147.