afghanistan29 Ibid., vol. i, p. 67.
30 Benjamin D. Hopkins, The Making of Modern Afghanistan (Cambridge,
2008); Martin J. Bayly, Taming the Imperial Imagination: Colonial
Knowledge, International Relations, and the Anglo-Afghan Encounter, 1808–
1878 (Cambridge, 2016).
31 Jonathan Lee, ‘The Elphinstone Mission, the “Kingdom of Caubul” and the
Turkic World’, unpublished conference paper presented to ‘Mountstuart
Elphinstone and the Historical Foundations of Afghan Studies: Reframing
Colonial Knowledge of the Indo-Persian World in the Post-colonial Era’,
London, 6 November 2015.
32 Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. ii, p. 182.
33 The date 1745 refers to the Jacobite Rising of Charles Stuart, or Bonnie
Prince Charlie.
34 Elphinstone also failed to mention the Irish Rebellion of 1798 or the civil
unrest in England created by Pitt’s suspension of habeas corpus in the wake
of the French Revolution.
35 Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. i, pp. 82–3.
36 The mutawalli administered the waqf of three shrines: Sakhi Saheli Sarkar,
Sah Anyat Wali and Dhani Mai Sahiba.
37 Elphinstone, Kingdom of Caubul, vol. i, p. 88.
38 Ferrier, History of the Afghans, p. 138.
39 Conolly, A Journey to the North of India, vol. ii, p. 289.
40 Alexander Burnes, Travels into Bukhara, being the Account of a Journey
from India to Cabool, Tartary and Persia, etc., 1831–33 [1834] (New Delhi and
Madras, 1992), vol. ii, p. 312.
41 Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys, vol. iii, p. 46.
42 Ibid., p. 48; Lal, Life of the Amir, vol. i, p. 114.
43 The sources for events in Balkh at this era are few and far between, which
makes dating of the Bukhara reconquest of Balkh difficult to determine.
44 For Ishan Nabib and Ishan Uruq, see Lee, The ‘Ancient Supremacy’,
pp. 119–22, and nn. 95–6.
45 The akalis, or Immortals, all swore an oath never to surrender or retreat.
46 Phula Singh’s father had been killed in the Wadda Ghalughara massacre,
while Phula died in the Battle of Nawshera. The Sikhs regard Phula Singh
as one of their greatest saint-heroes.
5 Afghanistan and the Indus Frontier, 1824–391 Trevelyan’s report quoted in Malcolm Yapp, Strategies of British India
(Oxford, 1980), p. 209.
2 For Hajji Khan Kakar, see Charles Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys
in Balochistan, Afghanistan, the Panjab, & Kalât [1842] (Delhi, 1997), vol. ii,
pp. 292–3 and vol. iii, pp. 72–3; G. T. Vigne, A Personal Narrative of a Visit
to Ghuzni, Kabul, and Afghanistan [1840] (New Delhi and Chennai, 2004),
pp. 316, 326–33.
3 Masson, Narrative of Various Journeys, vol. iii, p. 75.
4 George de Lacy Evans, On the Designs of Russia (London, 1828) and On