afghanistan16 G. N. Molesworth, Afghanistan, 1919: An Account of Operations in the Third
Afghan War (Bombay and New York, 1962), p. vii.
17 For the negotiations following the Third Anglo-Afghan War, see Adamec,
Afghanistan, 1900–1923, pp. 118–66.
18 Grant to Foreign Secretary of India, 4 August 1919, Kew, National Archives
(na), fo 371–3991, fols 128–9.
19 Chelmsford’s dispatch quoted in Adamec, Afghanistan, 1900–1923, p. 129.
20 For Sir Hamilton Grant’s letter see Sykes, A History of Afghanistan, vol. ii,
Appendix f, p. 359.
21 Viceroy to Grant, 5 August 1919, na, cab 24–86, fol. 501.
22 Adamec, Afghanistan, 1900–1923, pp. 163–4.
23 Ibid., p. 154.
24 Ibid., pp. 155–6.
25 Lenin’s letter to the Amir quoted in Fazal-ur-Rahman, The Basmachi
Movement in Soviet Central Asia (Peshawar, 1985), p. 131.
26 Ibid., p. 95; H. B. Paksoy, ‘“Basmachi”: Turkistan National Liberation
Movement, 1916–1930s’, in Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and
the Soviet Union (Gulf Breeze, fl, 1991), vol. iv, pp. 5–20; available at http://
vlib.iue.it, accessed 20 October 2017.
27 Poullada, Reform and Rebellion in Afghanistan, p. 226.
28 Adeeb Khalid, The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central
Asia (Berkeley, ca, 1998). Jadid in Persian means ‘new’, ‘modern’.
29 Senzil Nawid, Religious Response to Social Change in Afghanistan, 1919–29:
King Aman-Allah and the Afghan Ulama (Costa Mesa, ca, 1999), p. 71 and
Appendix J (1).
30 Abdullaev Kamoludin, ‘Central Asian Émigrés in Afghanistan: First Wave
(1920–1931)’, Central Asia Monitor, i/4–5 (1994); William S. Ritter, ‘Revolt in
the Mountains: Fuzail Maksum and the Occupation of Garm, Spring 1929’,
Journal of Contemporary History, xxv (1990), p. 551.
31 Sorab K. H. Katrak, Through Amanullah’s Afghanistan (Karachi, 1929), p. 52.
32 Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana [1937] (London, 2004), pp. 368–70.
33 Nancy Howland Washburne, ed., The Afghan Diaries of Captain George
Felix Howland, 1935–1936 (McKinney, tx, 2008), p. 105.
34 For the plans of Dar al-’Aman, see May Schinasi, Kaboul, 1773–1948
(Naples, 2008).
35 That is, Regulatory Decree of the Fundamental Laws of the Exalted State of
Afghanistan; see Nawid, Religious Response to Social Change, p. 79. Poullada,
Reform and Rebellion, pp. 70–79, 93, 99.
36 Quoted in Nawid, Religious Response to Social Change, pp. 80–81.
37 Lilian A. Starr, Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet (London, 1923), pp. 163–247.
38 For the Loya Jirga, see Nawid, Religious Response to Social Change,
pp. 106–13.
39 Ibid., p. 109.
40 May Schinasi, ‘Italie-Afghanistan, 1921–1941, part 2: De l’affaire Piperno à
l’évacuation de 1929’, Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli, l/2
(1990), pp. 177–216.
41 Emil Trinkler, Through the Heart of Afghanistan (London, 1928), pp. 202–4.