afghanistan68, 70, 73, 82, 107, 112–13, 114–5,
172, 24 0
and Delhi Sultanates 52, 55–60
and Pushtun identity 172, 438,
439, 440, 441, 548, 561, 684
Afghan Millat 564, 566, 570
Afghan Volunteer Force 467, 468, 489
al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din 335–6, 415,
417, 426, 565
Afghanistan Republican Party 553
Afghanization 22, 388–90, 399, 406;
see also Pushtuns
Afridis 20, 58, 114, 184, 432, 455, 475–6,
552–3
relations, wars with Britain 293–4,
320, 365, 403, 429, 522
agriculture 19–20, 21, 22, 24, 29, 499,
516, 595, 671
animal husbandry 25, 29, 388–9,
470, 5 96
cotton 22, 27, 516, 518
impact of war 20, 254, 306, 308
irrigation 17–19, 20, 25–6, 30, 92,
472, 518, 541, 542 , 671
land reform, reclamation 469–70,
518, 598, 5 99
rice 20, 22, 516, 5 18
silk 25, 27–8, 66
Ahmad ‘Ali Lodi 489, 490, 502
Ahmad Shah Durrani (Shāh) 51–2,
71, 91, 100, 102–15, 112 , 138, 145 ,
130–31, 141–2, 684–5
administration 116–17, 139,
14 1–2
conquests of 118–23, 124–5, 127,
128–9, 132–7, 685–6
rebellions 116, 118, 128, 138–40
‘Alamgir ii (Mughal Emperor) 123,
124, 125
‘Ali Ahmad Khan, Loynab 437, 451,
456, 460, 461, 489, 490, 491–2,
493, 502–3
‘Ali Beg, Mir Muhammad 198, 204
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib/Shah-i Mardan 23,
35, 38, 74; see also Mazar-i Sharif
‘Ali Mardan Khan, Nawab 70, 300
‘Ali Masjid 293, 294, 357, 457
Ahmadiyya 39, 415, 476, 478
Aisha Begum 370–71
Ajar 151, 204, 250, 315, 324
Akbar the Great (Mughal Emperor)
57–60, 64, 68, 121
Akbari, Sayyid Muhammad 634, 641
Akram Khan ‘Alizai 173, 174, 175
Aligarh 363, 419, 420, 463, 519; see also
Syed Ahmad Khan
Allah Yar Khan Saddozai 80, 84–6
’Aman Allah Khan (King) 448, 450–53,
480, 483 , 496–8, 499–500, 524,
553, 693
Anglo-Afghan relations 453, 460,
461, 467–8, 475, 479, 492, 498–9
Basmachi, Khilafat Movements
462–4, 465, 466, 467, 468
Constitution, Khost revolt 473,
474, 475, 476–9, 485, 487, 498,
499
construction projects 470–73, 499
downfall 488–96, 498, 507, 532
Grand Tour 482–5, 499
Independence, Anglo-Afghan
War 453, 455, 457, 459, 498–9
reforms 469, 480, 485, 487–8, 497,
499–500, 503, 511–12
revenues, foreign loans 470, 471,
473, 479, 499, 523, 567
Soviet Treaty, relations 462, 464,
468, 481, 483–4
’Amin Allah Khan Logari 246, 265,
272–3, 277, 280–81, 287, 288, 290,
295–6, 307
’Amin, Hafiz Allah (President) 91, 563,
593, 597, 601, 602, 603, 604–5
Amritsar 126, 128, 129, 426, 455
Amu Darya (Oxus) River 21–2, 198,
322, 331, 340, 422, 481, 536, 544,
557, 590, 688
Andkhui 96–7, 98 , 172, 314, 537
Anglo-Afghan War, First 223, 225–7,
244, 294 , 606
Army of Retribution 293–4,
29 7–302, 301 , 308
cantonment construction 245–6,
275 , 285, 286, 291