The \'German Spirit\' in the Ottoman and Turkish Army, 1908-1938. A History of Military Knowledge Transfer - Gerhard Grüßhaber

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EventhoughtheOGDcontinuedtoexist,theorganizationnearlyceasedto
haveanyrelevanceafterthearmisticeinlate1918.Theactivitiesoftheassocia-
tioncametoanendwiththelastissueoftheOGDperiodicalinJuly1 92 0.¹²⁷


Outlook


BoththeBundJungdeutschlandandtheOsmanlıGençDernekleriweretypical
creationsoftheirtime.Withtheirmaingoalofeducatingwell-trainedandmen-
tallyindoctrinatedyoungmenforthearmy,theyalsoservedthemilitarizationof
theirrespectivecountries.Sincethoseyoungmenwouldspreadtheincululated
ideologyamongtheirfamiliesaftertheirmilitaryservice,thewholesocietywas
affected.ManyoftheBJDmembersthatwerenotdraftedduringthewarserved
intheFreikorpsvolunteerunitsafter1918.¹²⁸Someoftheseradicalizedyoung
menalsostartedfollowingextremeright-winggroups,asinthecaseofBaldur
vonSchirach,aformerBJDmemberandlaterheadoftheHitlerYouth(HJ).¹²⁹
AndmanyofHoff’solderstudentswhohadjoinedtheOGDlaterfoughtin
theTurkishwarofindependencefrom 1919 to 1922 .¹³⁰Inthesubsequentdecade,
theRepublicangovernmentdidnotinitiallypursuetheconceptofanation-wide
youthorganization.Inthe 1920 s,thevolunteerBoyScoutsweretheonlyyouth
organization,whilethestatefocusedontheextensionoftheschoolsystemand
theintroductionofcoeducationalcompulsorymilitaryinstructionintheclass-
room.However,boththeBundJungdeutschlandandtheOsmanlıGençDerne-
kleriweretohaveanimpactonthefurtherdevelopmentofGermanyandTurkey,
asisevidencedbytheactivitiesofSelimSırrıandCarlDieminthe 1920 s.


Akcan,İttihatveTerakkiFırkası’nın,3 14.
Cf.EmilGumbel,VierJahrePolitischerMord(Berlin:VerlagderNeuenGesellschaft,1 92 2),
129 .TheauthorGustavReglerdescribedanencounterinJanuary 1919 inBerlinwithoneofthose
underageformerBJDmembers,whotriedtorecruitReglerforhisFreikorpswiththewords:“[I
am]JungDeutschland.IntheTiergartenIshottenofthose[...]redpigs,ofcourseallofthemhad
Jewishnoses!”QuotedafterFredGrimm,WirwolleneineandereWelt.JugendinDeutschland
1900 – 2010:EineprivateGeschichteausTagebüchern,Briefen,Dokumenten(Berlin:Tolkemitt
beiZweitausendeins, 20 10), 95.
Krethlow,GeneralfeldmarschallGoltz,4 16.
AccordingtoHoff’sco-founderoftheStuttgartBJDbranchThumminJungdeutschland:
MonatsschriftdesLandesverbandesWürttembergJungdeutschland(August 1933 ),n.p.


Outlook 129
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