inTurkishpublicdebate.⁸⁹TheReichsarchiv’ssecond‘Ottoman’volumedealing
withthecampaigninPalestinedidnotattractasmuchattentionandawaited
translationforeightyears.⁹⁰BeyondtheinterestinginsightintoinnerGermansen-
sitivities,Mühlmann’sstudy,amongothers,wouldalsoserveasasourceforthe
GermandefenceoftheFrenchcoastlineinWorldWarTwo.Tothedetrimentof
theGermanefforts,however,thoseevaluationsdidnotincludetheTurkishdebate,
whichwillbeexaminedinthefollowingparagraph.
TurkishLessonsfromÇanakkale
ThebattleforÇanakkalehadbeenthebiggestcombinedarmscampaignofthe
war.However,theGermansidedidnotdrawtherightconclusionsfromthisex-
perience.⁹¹Similarlytothecaseoftheseparatepublicationofanofficialhistory
ofthewar,therewerereviewsindependentfromeachotherintheGermanarmy
andnavy.BothviewswerebasedontheGermanfirst-handreportsfromthebat-
tlefield.However,thesereportsignoredtheTurkishanalysisofthebattle.
TheTurkishviewononeofthemajorwartimesuccessesoftheOttoman
armedforceshadformedlate.InthefirstyearsoftheRepublicofTurkey,thebat-
tleforthestraitswasnotseenasimportantasthewaragainstGreece.However,
theincreasingglorificationofMustafaKemalasoneoftheleadersoftheOtto-
mandefensein 1915 /16andregainingofTurkishmilitarycontroloverthestraits
in 1936 changedthewholesituation.⁹²Atthisstagetherewereevendiplomatic
complicationsovertheissueoftheunmentionedGermancontributiontothebat-
tleofGallipoliinaTurkishschoolbook.⁹³
SeethenewspapercommentrelatingtotheGermanGeneral’swrongdecisionsbasedonhis
ignoranceofthestrategicsituationon 24 April 1915 inCumhuriyetGazetesi,23June 1935 ,3.
[Werner]Steuber,‘Jildirim’:DeutscheStreiteraufheiligemBoden(Oldenburg/Berlin:Stalling,
19 24).TranslatedbyColonelNihatunderthe‘desecrated’shorttitleYıldırım(Istanbul:Askeri
Matbaa, 19 32).
Wolf,Gallipoli 1915 ,2 04.
PherozeUnwalla,BetweenNationalismandReconciliation:TheTurkishGovernmentandthe
DualNarrativizationoftheBattleofGallipoli, 1923 – 2007 (M.A.Thesis:SimonFraserUniversity
Burnaby/Canada, 20 08), 31 – 54.
VeyselSimsek,“‘BackstabbingArabs’and‘ShirkingKurds’:History,Nationalism,andTurk-
ishMemoryofWorldWarI,”inTheGreatWar:FromMemorytoHistory,ed.JonathanVanceetal.
(Waterloo:WilfridLaurierUniversityPress, 20 15), 104 .FortheGermancritiqueoftheschoolbook
seeSelimDeringil,TurkishForeignPolicyduringtheSecondWorldWar:An‘Active’Neutrality
(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1989), 60.
180 4German-TurkishMilitaryCooperationafter 1918