The End of the Cold War. 1985-1991

598 THE END OF THE COLD WAR

Gorbachëv Foundation Archive, fond 1, op. 1, reproduced in P. Stroilov,

Behind the Desert Storm, p. 73.

32. T. G. Stepanov-Mamaladze diary, 17–27 February 1989: T. G. Stepanov-
    Mamaladze Papers (HIA), box 5.


33. Ibid., n.d. but after 17–27 February 1989.


34. Ibid.


35. A. S. Chernyaev’s notes on conversation between M. S. Gorbachëv and K. K.
    Katushev (3 March 1989), reproduced in Stroilov, Behind the Desert Storm,
    p. 64.


36. US embassy (Beijing) to Secretary of State, 18 April 1989: BEIJIN 10518: Jim
    Mann Papers (HIA), box 8.


37. State Department memo for B. Scowcroft, 13 May 1989, pp. 2–3: ibid.


38. Politburo meeting, 8 May 1987: Anatoli Chernyaev Papers (RESCA), box 1,
    p. 220.


39. Gorbachëv’s conversation with his aides, 29 September 1986: Anatoli
    Chernyaev Papers (RESCA), box 1, p. 71.


40. Conversation with A. S. Chernyaev, 5 August 1988: ibid., box 2, folder 2.


41. Gorbachëv frequently cast doubt on the effectiveness of Deng’s path of
    reforms. In May 1987, when Todor Zhivkov returned from a visit to China
    full of admiration for the profusion of goods on sale, Gorbachëv interrupted
    with sceptical remarks. Two months later Gorbachëv told Rajiv Gandhi that
    China was running out of foreign currency and that sales of its industrial
    output were restricted to its elites: Karen Brutents reports these conversa-
    tions, without documentary references, in Nesbyvsheesya. Neravnodushnye
    zametki o perestroike, pp. 228–9.


42. Qichen, Ten Episodes in China’s Diplomacy, pp. 29–30.


43. T. G. Stepanov-Mamaladze working notes, 16 May 1989: T. G. Stepanov-
    Mamaladze Papers (HIA), box 2.


44. Discussion in Shevardnadze’s entourage: ibid., 19 May 1989: T. G. Stepanov-
    Mamaladze Papers (HIA), box 2.


45. Ibid., 16 May 1989.


46. Ibid.


47. Ibid.


48. Ibid.


49. M. S. Gorbachëv, speech, 17 May 1989: M. S. Gorbachëv, Sobranie sochinenii,
    vol. 14, pp. 207–20.


50. T. G. Stepanov-Mamaladze diary, 17 May 1989: T. G. Stepanov-Mamaladze
    Papers (HIA), box 5.


51. Ibid.


52. T. G. Stepanov-Mamaladze working notes, 18 May 1989: ibid., box 2.


53. Karen Brutents reports the conversation, without documentary reference, in
    Nesbyvsheesya. Neravnodushnye zametki o perestroike, pp. 228–9.


54. M. S. Gorbachëv to the Political Consultative Committee in Bucharest
    (Soviet record), 7 July 1989, p. 30: PHPCS.