The Evolution of Operational Art. From Napoleon to the Present

(Tina Meador) #1

  1. J. F. C. Fuller,The Foundations of the Science of War(London: Hutchinson, 1926), 14,
    claims that Fuller himself was the author of the principles contained in the 1920Field
    Service Regulations.

  2. Azar Gat,Fascist and Liberal Visions of War: Fuller, Liddell Hart, Douhet, and Other
    Modernists(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 25.

  3. The others were 1924 and 1929; see David French,Raising Churchill’s Army: The British
    Army and the War against Germany, 1919–1945(Oxford: Oxford University Press,
    2000), 13–34.

  4. Quoted in David French, ‘Doctrine and Organization in the British Army, 1919–1932’,
    Historical Journal, XLIV (2001), 500.

  5. Ibid., 503–4.

  6. General Staff, War Office,Field Service Regulations, Vol. II: Operations. 1920. Provi-
    sional(London: HMSO, 1920), 261. Emphasis added.

  7. General Staff, War Office,Field Service Regulations, Vol. II: Operations—General. 1935
    (London: HMSO, 1935), 176.

  8. Frederick Maurice,British Strategy: A Study of the Applications of the Principles of War
    (London: Constable, 1929), 51, 168.

  9. Ibid., xv.

  10. Ibid., 3, 24, 27.

  11. Quoted in French,Raising Churchill’s Army, 22.

  12. Brian Holden Reid,J. F. C. Fuller: Military Thinker(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987),
    111.

  13. Fuller,Foundations of the Science of War, 17.

  14. J. F. C. Fuller,Lectures on F.S.R. II(London: Sifton Praed, 1931), xii, 1, 8; see also 34.

  15. J. F. C. Fuller,Lectures on F.S.R. III (Operations between Mechanized Forces)(London:
    Sifton Praed, 1932), 11, 37, 44.

  16. Ibid., 84, 89, 131.

  17. B. H. Liddell Hart,The Decisive Wars of History: A Study in Strategy(London: Bell,
    1929), 19, 147–58.

  18. Brian Holden Reid,Studies in British Military Thought: Debates with Fuller and
    Liddell Hart(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999), 15–17; see also 74–90,
    177–8, 182.

  19. Ibid., 1.

  20. Victor Wallace Germains,The ‘Mechanization’ of War(London: Sifton Praed, 1927), xi.

  21. Ibid., xiv.

  22. J. P. Harris,Men, Ideas and Tanks: British Military Thought and Armoured Forces,
    1903–1939(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995), is the best guide on these
    issues, and see esp. 278, 316–19.

  23. French,Raising Churchill’s Army, 193–4.

  24. On the lack of doctrine especially early in the war, but even in 1944–5, see Timothy
    Harrison Place,Military Training in the British Army, 1940–1944(London: Frank Cass,
    2000), 9–16, 122–3, 137–51, 165–6, 169.

  25. For criticism of Montgomery as an operational-level commander, see Williamson
    Murray and Allan R. Millett,A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War(Cam-
    bridge, MA: Belknap, 2000), 443, 456–7, 483.

  26. Antony Beevor,Inside the British Army(London: Chatto and Windus, 1990), 161.

  27. Julian Lider,British Military Thought after World War II(Aldershot: Gower, 1985), 180;
    see also Dierk Walter,Zwischen Dschungelkrieg und Atombombe. Britische Visionen vom
    Krieg der Zukunft 1945–1971(Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2009).


134 The Evolution of Operational Art

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