- On the French Revolution and international law, see Ernest Nys, Études de
droit international et de droit politique (Brussels: Alfred Castaigne, 1896), 318– 406;
and Robert Redslob, Histoire des grands principes du droit des gens depuis l’antiquité
jusqu’ à la veille de la Grande Guerre (Paris: A. Rousseau, 1923), 275– 332. - On the various specifi c disputes giving rise to the wars in the revolutionary
period, see generally T. C. W. Blanning, Th e Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars
(London: Longman, 1986). - Wilhelm G. Grewe, ed., Fontes Historiae Juris Gentium: Sources Relating to the
History of the Law of Nations, vol. 2 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992), 647– 49. - David A. Bell, Th e First Total War: Napoleon’s Eu rope and the Birth of Modern
War fare (London: Bloomsbury, 2007), 105. - Norman D. Bentwich, Th e Law of Private Property in War (London: Sweet and
Maxwell, 1907), 85. - France- Spain, Family Compact, Aug. 15, 1761, 42 CTS 85.
- Patricia Chastain Howe, Foreign Policy and the French Revolution: Charles-
François Dumouriez, Pierre LeBrun, and the Belgian Plan, 1789– 1793 (Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 114, 141. - Declaration of Pilnitz, Aug. 27, 1791, 51 CTS 233.
- See Chapters 7 and 11 for debates about the principle of humanitarian
intervention. - Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 652– 56; and Bell, First Total War, 14 4.
- Bell, First Total War, 117.
- Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 658– 59.
- John H. Herz, “Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma,” 2
World Politics 157– 80 (1951), 167. See also Marc Belissa, Fraternité universelle et in-
téret national (1713– 1795): Les cosmopolitiques du droit des gens (Paris: Kimé, 1998),
371– 74. - Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 660– 61. See also Belissa, Fraternité universelle, 365–
77, 419– 20. - Ernest Nys, “Th e Codifi cation of International Law,” 5 AJIL 871– 900 (1911),
890; and La Pradelle, Maîtres et doctrines, 172– 74. - Robert Ward, An Enquiry into the Foundation and History of the Law of
Nations, from the Time of the Greeks and Romans to the Age of Grotius, vol. 1 (London:
J. Butterworth, 1795), xii– xiii. See also Randall Lesaff er, “Roman Law and the Early
Historiography of International Law: Ward, Wheaton, Hosack and Walker,” in Th ilo
Marauhn and Heinhard Steiger, eds., Universality and Continuity in International
Law, 149 – 8 4 (Th e Hague: Eleven International, 2011), 155– 57. - Nys, “Codifi cation,” 892– 93.
- Martens, Précis, xv– xvi.
- Jeremy Bentham, A Fragment on Government and an Introduction to the Prin-
ciples of Morals and Legislation, ed. Wilfrid Harrison (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1960
[178 9]), 4 2 6.
Notes to Pages 206–210 515