Justice among Nations. A History of International Law - Stephen C. Neff

Richard T. Chang, Th e Justice of the Western Consular Courts in Nineteenth- Century

Japan (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984).

73. Hsü, China’s Entry, 138– 45.


74. Great Britain– Japan, Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, July 16, 1894, 180
    CTS 257, art. 18. See also Japan– U.S.A., Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, Nov. 22,
    1894, 180 CTS 407, art. 17. See also Jones, Extraterritoriality, 128– 62.


75. See Chapters 9 and 10 for further developments.


76. John Stuart Mill, “A Few Words on Non- Intervention,” in Collected Works of
    John Stuart Mill, vol. 21, 109– 24, 118– 19.


77. See, for example, A.- G. Hefft er, Le droit international public de l’Eu rope, trans.
    Jules Bergson (Berlin: E.- H. Schroeder, 1857), 14– 15; John Westlake, Chapters on In-
    ternational Law, in Th e Collected Papers of John Westlake on Public International Law,
    xvii– 282 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914 [1894]), 140– 48; and T. J.
    Lawrence, Th e Principles of International Law, 3rd ed. (Boston: D. C. Heath, 1905), 58.


78. See Chapter 3.


79. On protectorates, see Edwin De Witt Dickinson, Th e Equality of States in Inter-
    national Law (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1920), 240– 47.


80. Treaty of Nov. 5, 1815, 65 CTS 241.


81. Bonfi ls, Manuel, 97– 100; and Oppenheim, International Law, vol. 1, 133– 37.


82. See Dickinson, Equality of States, 236– 40.


83. Phillimore, Commentaries, vol. 1, 107– 8.


84. See John Westlake, International Law, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge
    University Press, 1910), 130– 35; and Geddes W. Rutherford, “Spheres of Infl uence: An
    Aspect of Semi- sovereignty,” 20 AJIL 300– 25 (1926).


85. Declaration of Paris, Apr. 16, 1856, 115 CTS 1. On the “free ships– free goods”
    principle, see Chapter 5.


86. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded,
    Aug. 22, 1864, 129 CTS 361.


87. Additional Articles Relating to the Condition of the Wounded in War, Oct. 20,
    1868, 128 CTS 189.


88. Geneva Convention on Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field, July 6, 1906,
    202 CTS 144.


89. Declaration of St. Petersburg, Dec. 11, 1868, 138 CTS 297.


90. Convention for the Protection of Submarine Cables, Mar. 14, 1884, 163 CTS 391.


91. See Antony Anghie, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International
    Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 90– 97.


92. Declaration on the Universal Abolition of the Slave Trade, Feb. 8, 1815, 63 CTS


93. 
    


94. General Act Relating to the African Slave Trade, July 2, 1890, 173 CTS 285. On
    the General Act, see Lyons, Internationalism, 293– 95.


95. International Convention on Carriage of Goods by Rail, Oct. 14, 1890, 174
    CTS 1.

532 Notes to Pages 317–321