596 Bibliographic Essay1989). For a very critical assessment of the proceedings, see John W. Dower, Embrac-
ing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (W. W. Norton, 1999), 443– 74.
On the founding of the United Nations, see Ruth B. Russell, A History of the United
Nations Charter: Th e Role of the United States, 1940– 1945 (Brookings Institution,
1958); Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, FDR and the Creation of the U.N.
(Ya le Universit y Press, 1997); Robert C. Hilderbrand, Dumbarton Oaks: Th e Origins of
the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security (University of North Carolina
Press, 1990); Stephen C. Schlesinger, Act of Creation: Th e Founding of the United Na-
tions (Westview Press, 2003); Mark Mazower, No Enchanted Palace: Th e End of Empire
and the Ideological Origins of the United Nations (Columbia University Press, 2009);
Robert A. Klein, Sovereign Equality among States: Th e History of an Idea (University
of Toronto Press, 1974), 109– 34; and Evan Luard, A History of the United Nations: Th e
Years of Western Domination, 1945– 1955, vol. 1 (Macmillan, 1982), 17– 68. On the
role and history of the UN Security Council, see David L. Bosco, Five to Rule Th em All:
Th e UN Security Council and the Making of the Modern World (Oxford University
Press, 2009).
Remarkably, there is not a thorough general history of international human rights
law or of the UN experience in promoting and protecting human rights. Th e forma-
tive period, though, has received attention. See Johannes Morsink, Th e Universal
Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Draft ing, and Intent (University of Pennsylva-
nia Press, 1999); Mary Ann Glendon, “John P. Humphrey and the Draft ing of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” 2 JHIL 250– 60 (2000); and Mary Ann Glen-
don, A World Made New: Eleanor Roo se velt and the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (Random House, 2001). On the life and career of René Cassin, see Antoine
Prost and Jay Murray Winter, René Cassin et les droits de l’homme: Le projet d’un gé-
nération (Fayard, 2011). On the draft ing of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, see
Geoff rey Best, War and Law since 1945 (Clarendon Press, 1994), 80– 114.
Legal aspects of the Cold War have been greatly neglected, with modest exceptions.
On the Korean confl ict, see Luard, History, vol. 1, 239– 74. For a thorough account of
the UN membership crisis of the 1950s, see Leo Gross, “Progress towards Universality
of Membership in the United Nations,” 50 AJIL 791– 827 (1956). On the Cuban Missile
Crisis, see Abram Chayes, Th e Cuban Missile Crisis (Oxford University Press, 1974);
and Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy (2nd ed.; Columbia
University Press, 1979), 279– 302. On the Congo crisis in the 1960s, see Georges Abi-
Saab, Th e United Nations Operation in the Congo 1960– 1964 (Oxford University Press,
1978). On the Grenada intervention of 1983, international lawyers have taken oppos-
ing sides: see William C. Gilmore, Th e Grenada Intervention: Analysis and Documen-
tation (Mansell, 1984), opposing the lawfulness of the action; and John Norton Moore,
“Grenada and the International Double Standard,” 78 AJIL 145– 68 (1984), favoring
lawfulness. On peaceful coexistence between the rival blocs, see Earl A. Snyder and
Hans Werner Bracht, “Coexistence and International Law,” 7 ICLQ 54– 71 (1958); and
G. I. Tunkin, “Coexistence and International Law,” 95 RdC 1– 82 (1958). On its succes-