Bibliographic Essay 599generally, see James Crawford, Th e Creation of States in International Law (2nd ed.;
Clarendon Press, 2006), 602– 47. On the attitudes of Asian states toward international
law, see William L. Tung, International Law in an Or ga niz ing World (Crowell, 1968).
On African states and international law, see Felix Chuks Okoye, International Law
and the New African States (Sweet and Maxwell, 1972); and Romain Yakemtchouk,
L’Afrique en droit international (Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1971).
For a wide- ranging look at the New International Economic Order of the 1970s, see
Kamal Hossein (ed.), Legal Aspects of the New International Economic Order (Frances
Pinter, 1980). On the principle of self- determination of peoples, a useful broad histori-
cal survey, though not from a legal perspective, is Alfred Cobban, Th e Nation State
and National Self- Determination (Collins, 1969). On Woodrow Wilson’s contribution,
see Erez Manela, Th e Wilsonian Moment: Self- Determination and the International
Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford University Press, 2007). For a much more
skeptical view of Wilson’s commitment, see Trygve Th rontveit, “Th e Fable of the
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson and National Self- Determination,” 35 Diplomatic
History 445– 81 (2011). For a specifi cally legal perspective on the question, the princi-
pal work is Antonio Cassese, Self- Determination of Peoples: A Legal Appraisal (Ca m-
bridge University Press, 1995). On the development of the law on the use of force by
national liberation groups, see Heather A. Wilson, International Law and the Use of
Force by National Liberation Movements (Clarendon Press, 1988).
- Shadows across the Path
On more recent developments, there is inevitably less available in the way of historical
perspective. For a con ve nient survey of postwar resorts to armed force, see Th omas M.
Franck, Recourse to Force: State Action against Th reats and Armed Attacks (Ca m-
bridge University Press, 2002).
For advance inklings of new Soviet thinking about international law, see Kazimierz
Grzybowski, “Soviet Th eory of International Law for the Seventies,” 77 AJIL 862– 72
(1983). On perestroika aft er 1985, see John N. Hazard, “ ‘New Th inking’ in Soviet Ap-
proaches to International Politics and Law,” 2 Pace Int’l L. Rev. 1– 19 (1990); R. A.
Mullerson, “Sources of International Law: New Tendencies in Soviet Th inking,” 83
AJIL 494– 512 (1989); and A. Carty and G. Danilenko (eds.), Perestroika and Interna-
tional Law (Edinburgh University Press, 1990). For Gorbachev’s own views on the
implications of perestroika for international relations (if not law specifi cally), see
Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika: New Th inking for Our Country and the World (Harper
and Row, 1987), 121– 36.
On the Iran hostages crisis of 1979– 81, Paul H. Kreisberg (ed.), American Hostages
in Iran: Th e Conduct of a Crisis (Yale University Press, 1985) contains a great deal on
legal aspects of the crisis, particularly Oscar Schachter, “International Law in the Hos-
tage Crisis: Implications for Future Cases,” 325– 73. On the achievements of the Iran–
United States Claims Tribunal in the years following the crisis, see George H. Aldrich,