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The maps below illustrate, with captions, the following: the international state system after the Peace of Westphalia; Europe in the
18th century following the wars of Spanish Succession; the world in the early 19th century, showing newly independent states in the
New World; Europe prior to World War I; Europe following World War II; revised borders after the fall of the Soviet Union; and the
global political map as of 2005.
Map 1 1648 3
Map 2 1721 39
Map 3 1808 111
Map 4 1815 112
Map 5 1911 209
Map 6 1949 210
Map 7 1993 211
Map 8 2005 539
List of Maps