314 Chapter 3
MID#4343
Started in November 2000. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
317 Slovakia/345 Yugoslavia
MID#4186
Started in February 2000. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
MID#4343
Started in November 2000. See the narrative in the 2 United States of America/345
Yugoslavia dyad dispute list.
325 Italy/327 Papal States
MID#112
Dispute Number: 112
Date(s): September 7, 1860 to September 29, 1860
Participants: 325 Italy/220 France, 327 Papal States
Outcome (and Settlement): Victory for side A (Imposed)
Fatalities: >999 deaths
Narrative: The Italian-Roman War of 1860 was one of the important conflicts leading
to the emergence of the modern Italian state. The quest for unification of the vari-
ous states comprising modern Italy came from the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia,
representing a fundamentally northern movement south into the rest of the peninsula.
The Papal States, with its capital in historic Rome, represented an important obstacle
to Giuseppe Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II. The Papal States were sup-
ported by Austria-Hungary, France, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. All three
of these states were thought to rely on the Pope’s army to complicate plans for Italian
unification.
The Sardinian army instigated a general revolt and moved in its forces against
the army of the Papal States, commanded by French general Christophe Leon Louis
Juchault. The Papal States hoped for intervention from either France or Austria, but
no intervention came immediately, which proved disastrous. The Papal States were
routed in a brief, albeit very bloody, fashion in just 18 days. Lamoriciere surren-
dered to the Sardinian army on September 29. No immediate settlement followed,
though the Piedmontese king moved to occupy the Papal States and eventually
moved south into the Two Sicilies (see MID#113). The Papal States eventually
voted to join the growing Kingdom of Sardinia and was eliminated as a system
member on November 11.